In which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes initiate pairing?
A. prophase I
B. telophase I
C. metaphase I
D. anaphase I
E. metaphase II
answer
A. prophase I
Pairing of homologous chromosomes begins in prophase I of meiosis, and homologous chromosomes will remain paired until anaphase I.
question
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?
A. prophase I
B. anaphase II
C. metaphase II
D. metaphase I
E. anaphase I
answer
E. anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I. Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II.
question
During which phase of meiosis do diploid cells first become haploid?
A. telophase II
B. telophase I
C. prophase I
D. anaphase I
E. metaphase II
answer
B. telophase I
When a cell completes meiosis I, during telophase I, the cell divides and each daughter cell nucleus contains half the number of chromosomes that were present in the original cell that entered prophase I.
question
During which type of cell division does each daughter cell contain half the amount of DNA as did the cell just prior to cell division?
A. meiosis I
B. meiosis II
C. mitosis
D. meiosis I, meiosis II, and mitosis
E. meiosis I and meiosis II
answer
D. meiosis I, meiosis II, and mitosis
The amount of DNA is reduced by half in mitosis, meiosis I, and in meiosis II.
question
If a normal diploid cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are present in each daughter cell following the conclusion of meiosis I?
A. 6
B. 12
C. 24
D. more than 12 but fewer than 24
E. None of the above.
answer
A. 6
During meiosis I a cell goes from being diploid to being haploid. This requires the halving of the number of chromosomes.
question
Within a given species, which two types of cells have the equivalent amounts of DNA?
A. a cell in G1 of interphase and a cell in G2 of interphase
B. a cell in G1 of interphase and a cell immediately after the completion of meiosis II
C. a cell in G1 of interphase and a cell in metaphase II of meiosis
D. a cell in G2 of interphase and a cell in metaphase II of meiosis
E. None of the above.
answer
C. a cell in G1 of interphase and a cell in metaphase II of meiosis
Although a cell in G1 of interphase will have twice the number of chromosomes as a cell in metaphase II, the amount of DNA will be equivalent. For example, if a diploid cell had 12 chromosomes, a cell in G1 would have 12 chromosomes and 12 DNA molecules. Likewise a cell in metaphase II would have six chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids for a total of 12 DNA molecules.
question
If a cell normally has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are present in each cell during anaphase II?
A. 6
B. 12
C. 24
D. more than 12 but fewer than 24
E. None of the above
answer
B. 12
Although a cell entering meiosis II would have six chromosomes, each of these chromosomes would consist of two double-stranded DNA molecules (sister chromatids). During anaphase, the sister chromatids separate resulting in 12 chromosomes until the completion of telophase II when each daughter cell would have six chromosomes, each consisting of a single DNA molecule.
question
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosome pairs line up on the metaphase plate?
A. metaphase II
B. metaphase I
C. anaphase I
D. anaphase II
E. prophase I
answer
B. metaphase I
Homologous chromosome pairs, that first joined in prophase I, line up on the metaphase plate in metaphase I. These chromosome pairs separate during anaphase I, whereas chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate individually during metaphase II, and centromeres joining sister chromatids divide creating new chromosomes during anaphase II.
question
Meiosis II is often considered to be similar to mitosis. Which of the following features is shared by both meiosis II and mitosis?
A. Both mitosis and meiosis II immediately follow an interphase where DNA was replicated.
B. Within a given species, a cell entering mitosis or meiosis II will have equivalent numbers of chromosomes.
C. Individual chromosomes align on the metaphase plate and sister chromatids separate at anaphase in both mitosis and meiosis II.
D. Within a given species, a cell entering mitosis or meiosis II will have equivalent amounts of DNA.
E. All of the above features are common between mitosis and meiosis II.
answer
C. Individual chromosomes align on the metaphase plate and sister chromatids separate at anaphase in both mitosis and meiosis II.
DNA is not replicated between meiosis I and meiosis II. Also, since a cell entering meiosis II is haploid, the number of chromosomes in a cell entering meiosis II is half the number in a cell entering mitosis. Also, a cell entering meiosis II will contain half the amount of DNA compared to a cell entering mitosis. Therefore, the only correct answer is "C" because individual chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate in both mitosis and meiosis II.
question
If a cell normally has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be present in each cell at the end of meiosis II if a single pair of homologous chromosomes failed to separate during anaphase I?
A. Two daughter cells will each have six chromosomes, one daughter cell will have five chromosomes, and one daughter cell will have seven chromosomes.
B. Two daughter cells will each have six chromosomes and two daughter cells will each have seven chromosomes.
C. All four daughter cells will have six chromosomes.
D. Two daughter cells will each have five chromosomes and two daughter cells will each have seven chromosomes.
E. All four daughter cells will have five chromosomes.
answer
D. Two daughter cells will each have five chromosomes and two daughter cells will each have seven chromosomes.
If a single pair of homologous chromosomes failed to separate in anaphase I, one of the daughter cells would inherit an extra chromosome (seven chromosomes), and the other daughter cell would be missing a chromosome (five chromosomes). As each of these initial two daughter cells entered meiosis II, the sister chromatids would separate normally in anaphase II resulting in two cells having seven chromosomes and two cells having five chromosomes at the end of meiosis.
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