The decision to give the national government control over commerce and finance was motivated primarily by the framers' desire to
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promote economic development and protect property from radical state legislatures.
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The supremacy clause
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announces that the Constitution and all laws made under it are superior to any state laws.
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Why did the delegates at the Philadelphia Convention turn down the idea of including a list of citizens' rights in the Constitution?
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They believed that since the federal government was already limited to its expressed powers, further protection of citizens was not needed.
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Successful amendments to the Constitution
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are most commonly concerned with the structure or composition of the government.
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According to the authors of the text, which sector of society did not have interests that were important to colonial politics?
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slaves
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Brutus and Federal Farmer were two pseudonyms used by the ________.
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Antifederalists
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Montesquieu called ________ the principle of giving each branch of government its own constituency.
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a mixed regime
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What did the New Jersey Plan propose for Congress?
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Representation would be equal for each state.
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How did the colonists' victory in the Revolutionary War change the balance of political power in the new states?
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Royal land, office, and patent holders were significantly weakened, and pre-Revolutionary radicals became the controlling forces in many state legislatures.
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Compared with the Articles of Confederation, federalism under the Constitution has led to
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greater centralization of power.
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The framers of the U.S. Constitution attempted to create a government that could do all of the following EXCEPT
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lead to the eventual inclusion of nonwhites in political life.
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The issue of representation, which threatened to cause the Philadelphia Convention to fail, was resolved by the ________.
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Connecticut Compromise
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Which statement about government under the Articles of Confederation is FALSE?
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Members of Congress had significant independence from their states.
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Under the United States' first constitution,
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there was no president.
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________ orchestrated the Boston Tea Party.
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Samuel Adams
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During the Philadelphia Convention, in order to win concessions from large states, representatives from smaller states like Delaware threatened to
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form alliances with foreign nations.
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According to historian Charles Beard, the framers of the Constitution were mostly concerned with
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promoting their own economic interests.
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Which of the following was designed by the framers to be an office directly elected by the people?
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a member of the U.S. House of Representatives
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Which of the following is NOT true about the U.S. Constitution?
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States do not have to give full faith and credit to official acts in other states.
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Which of the following statements about the U.S. House and the U.S. Senate is FALSE?
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The House has the power to overturn a president's veto while the Senate does not.
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James Madison believed that the greatest conflict of interests in the Philadelphia Convention was between ________ and ________.
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northern states; southern states
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Which of the following was a way the framers tried to make the Senate a check against excessive democracy?
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The Senate has staggered terms of office.
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The most common method of passing an amendment to the Constitution is
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passage in both houses of Congress by a two-thirds vote, followed by a majority vote in three-fourths of the state legislature.
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The electoral college is
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designed to select the U.S. president.
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The 1787 convention to draft a new constitution was held in ________.
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Philadelphia
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Under the Articles of Confederation, the relationship between the states and the federal government can best be compared to
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the United Nations' relationship with member states.
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Judicial review is the power of
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the courts to decide on the constitutionality of actions taken by the other branches of government.
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The essential dilemma of a limited government raised by the ratification debates is
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a government too weak to do harm also cannot do good.
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Procedures outlining how to amend the Constitution are found in Article ________.
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V
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Why was the Declaration of Independence a remarkable philosophical statement for its time?
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It asserted that there were "unalienable rights" that could not be abridged by governments.
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Which of the following is true about the Annapolis Convention?
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Delegates from five states attended.
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What was the most common form of taxation during the colonial era?
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taxes on commercial products and activities
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Why was the Declaration of Independence a remarkable political statement for its time?
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It helped unify colonial groups that were divided along economic, regional, and philosophical lines by identifying shared problems, grievances, and principles.
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The framers employed the separation of powers and federalism in order to
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prevent the new government from abusing its power.i
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Which of the following is true about the Articles of Confederation?
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Congress did not have the power to tax.
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________ was the only state NOT to send delegates to the Philadelphia Convention.
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Rhode Island
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Which of the following powers is NOT explicitly given to Congress by the Constitution?
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to abolish state boundaries
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During the ratification debates, who were the Antifederalists?
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those who opposed the new Constitution because they wanted a weaker central government
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The system of shared powers, divided between a central government and the states, is called ________.
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federalism
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What led British officials to raise taxes on the American colonists during the 1760s?
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the amount spent on fighting the French and Indian Wars
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Colonial protesters of the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act rallied around ________.
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"no taxation without representation"
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The Federalists believed that the powers of government could be limited by
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creating an internal system of checks and controls within government.
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Why was the decision to assign jurisdiction over controversies between citizens of different states to the Supreme Court significant?
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It meant that the federal judiciary, rather than the state courts, would ultimately become the primary venue for resolving disputes.
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The Antifederalists argued that the powers of government should be limited by
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both confining the powers of the federal government to certain narrowly defined areas and adding a bill of rights to the Constitution.
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Each of the following was an Antifederalist EXCEPT ________.
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John Jay
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All of the following are constitutional powers of the president EXCEPT the power to ________.
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regulate commerce between the states
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________ defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre.
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John Adams
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The first written constitution for the United States was called the ________.
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Articles of Confederation
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How did the framers attempt to reassure citizens that their views would be represented in the new government created by the Constitution?
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by defining the new government's most important powers, such as collecting taxes, borrowing money, and regulating commerce, as belonging to Congress
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Whose "political gospel" inspired the framers to adopt the concept of the separation of powers?
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Montesquieu
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Who was NOT appointed to help draft the Declaration of Independence?
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George Washington
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What is the term length of a federal judge?
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barring impeachment, life
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A ________ is a system of government in which states retain sovereign authority except for powers expressly delegated to a national government.
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confederation
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On the subject of representation, Antifederalists wanted
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representative bodies that resembled those represented to the highest degree.
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According to the authors of the text, the writing of the Constitution demonstrates the
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marriage of interests and principles.
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The Articles of Confederation were adopted in ________.
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1777
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The Boston Tea Party resulted in all of the following EXCEPT
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the Boston Massacre.
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How many amendments to the Constitution have been formally proposed in Congress in U.S. history?
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over 11,000
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