Chapter 18 Blood Vessels

Compared to veins, arteries have

Which of the following describes an anastomosis?

Large vessels with all three tunics and a well-developed tunica media are called?

What vessels typically carry blood away from the heart

Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel.

Which blood vessel tunic is innervated by nerves from the sympathetic nervous system?

Which of the following arteries has the smallest diameter?

What type of vessel is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system?

The closure of a pre-capillary sphincter prevents blood flow to tissues from:

Which of the following is TRUE of veins?

Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body?

Which of the following connects vessels through vascular anastomoses?

Arteries in the systemic circuit carry oxygenated blood while arteries in the pulmonary circuit transport deoxygenated blood.

Veins regulate blood pressure and control blood flow to organs.

Which of these changes will result in increased blood pressure?

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) if the systolic pressure is 120 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure is 90 mm Hg.

Which of the following does NOT drive venous return?

The outward force that the blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels is called __________.

Which of the following vessels will have the lowest blood pressure?

Select the correct relationship between peripheral resistance and blood pressure.

Peripheral resistance includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Predict the scenario that will decrease peripheral resistance.

Which circuit has the greatest resistance?

What two factors determine the pressure gradient that drives circulation?

Which vessels are the most compliant?

Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure?

Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure?

The average pressure in the systemic arteries during an entire cardiac cycle is known as:

When arterial blood pressure is measured in the arm with a sphygmomanometer, which vessel is used?

Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure?

Vessels with a smaller radius will have an increased resistance to blood flow.

Cross-sectional area increases as arteries branch into smaller vessels, causing the blood to flow more slowly.

Dilating arterioles in a specific tissue will cause __________.

The baroreceptor reflex response to high blood pressure is __________.

If the chemoreceptors detect a decrease in blood oxygen concentration, they will trigger

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the hormone Angiotensin II?

Which of the following is a cause of hypertension?

Which vessels vasoconstrict in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Which nervous system promotes increased peripheral resistance and increased blood pressure through the vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles?

Which of the following hormones decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure?

Increases in blood pressure are detected by:

How do parasympathetic neurons in the medulla respond to increased blood pressure?

Which of the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor?

Central chemoreceptors detect a decrease in pH in interstitial fluids in the brain. What is the response of the medulla to maintain delivery of oxygen to cells?

What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure?

Which organ(s) regulate blood volume by altering the amount of fluid released in urine?

Hypertension is defined as:

Which of the following is NOT a treatment for hypertension?

Baroreceptors that detect changes in blood pressure are located in the superior and inferior vena cava.

Increased sympathetic activity leads to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.

The leakiest capillaries, which allow large substances such as cells to cross the capillary walls are called __________.

By which method can large substances cross the endothelial cells and exit a capillary?

What type of capillaries have large pores within their endothelial cells and are the leakiest?

Which capillary would be least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells?

Under what conditions will the myogenic mechanism slow blood flow into a capillary bed?

Fenestrations in capillaries are small pores that allow water and small substances to move freely through these pores.

Calculate the Net Filtration Pressure if the Hydrostatic pressure is 40 mm Hg and the Colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg.

A patient is suffering from liver failure and their liver is not producing enough plasma proteins. This will result in __________.

Water can move across capillary walls by __________.

Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is an osmotic pressure gradient equal to __________.

The force that pulls water into capillaries is called the _________

Blood pressure is equivalent to:

At the arteriolar end of the capillary, which pressure is the greatest?

Which pressure remains the same along the length of the capillary?

Which pressure is created by the presence of large proteins in the blood, such as albumin?

Determine fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary.

Determine the net filtration pressure (NFP) if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 40 mm Hg and the colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg.

What is edema?

Which of the following situations creates edema?

Which of the following represents the systemic flow of most blood?