Chapter 16 Homework

Innate immunity a) provides increased susceptibility to disease. b) is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens. c) involves T cells and B cells. d) involves a memory component. e) is nonspecific and present at birth.

Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT a) increased phagocytic activity. b) opsonization. c) bacterial cell lysis. d) interference with viral replication. e) increased blood vessel permeability.

Which of the following is an effect of opsonization? a) increased diapedesis of phagocytes b) increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms c) increased margination of phagocytes d) cytolysis e) inflammation

The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid a) is transported into macrophages. b) returns to the blood. c) goes into lymph capillaries. d) is excreted in urine. e) is lost as perspiration.

Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE? a) They gather at sites of infection. b) They are found in certain tissues and organs. c) They develop from neutrophils. d) They are mature monocytes. e) They are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system.

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT a) multiple layers of cells. b) saliva. c) HCl. d) the "ciliary escalator." e) tears.

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT a) pain. b) vasodilation. c) swelling. d) fever. e) redness.

A chill is a sign that a) body temperature is not changing. b) the metabolic rate is decreasing. c) body temperature is rising. d) blood vessels are dilating. e) body temperature is falling.

Which of the following is mismatched? a) abcess — a cavity created by tissue damage and filled with pus b) chemotaxis — chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome c) pus — tissue debris and dead phagocytes in a white or yellow fluid d) diapedesis — movement of leukocytes between capillary walls cells out of blood and into tissue e) scab — dried blood clot over injured tissue

All of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT a) they initiate manufacture of antiviral proteins. b) they initiate transcription. c) they bind to the surface of uninfected cells. d) they disrupt stages of viral multiplication. e) they are effective for long periods.

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by a) antigen-antibody reactions. b) C5-C9. c) factors released from phagocytes. d) factors released from damaged tissues. e) lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3.

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by a) lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3. b) factors released from phagocytes. c) factors released from damaged tissues. d) antigen-antibody reactions. e) C5-C9.

Activation of C3a results in a) increased blood vessel permeability. b) opsonization. c) attraction of phagocytes. d) cell lysis. e) acute inflammation.

The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to a) remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract. b) trap microorganisms in mucus in the upper respiratory tract. c) remove microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract. d) propel inhaled dust and microorganisms toward the mouth, away from the lower respiratory tract. e) trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract.

Activation of C5-C9 results in a) inflammation. b) fixation of complement. c) lysis of microbial cells. d) activation of C3. e) phagocytosis.

Macrophages arise from which of the following? a) monocytes b) neutrophils c) lymphocytes d) basophils e) eosinophils

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity? a) macrophages b) basophils c) eosinophils d) erythrocytes e) neutrophils

A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT a) the number of red blood cells. b) the numbers of each type of white blood cell. c) leukopenia. d) leukocytosis. e) the total number of white blood cells.

The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the point in the cascade where the activation of ________ takes place. a) C5 b) C1 c) C3 d) C2 e) C6

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT a) leukotrienes. b) lysozymes. c) prostaglandins. d) kinins. e) histamine.