Chapter 15 Nutrition

The RDA for carbohydrate for toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, teens, and adults is how many grams per day? 10 95 130 250

Which of the following does NOT affect a child's estimated energy requirement (EER)? micronutrient supplementation body weight age level of physical activity

The RDA for which nutrient decreases with age, for women? calcium vitamin D iron vitamin C

On average, Americans have a life expectancy that extends into the early seventies. late seventies. early eighties. late eighties.

A reduced secretion of hydrochloric acid often seen in older adults can result in a(n) reduced absorption of calcium. increased absorption of vitamin C. reduced absorption of potassium. increased absorption of vitamin B12.

Adolescent acne is caused by eating fatty foods. hormonal changes. lack of adequate fluid intake. consumption of chocolate.

Growth acceleration in adolescence is primarily driven by increased physical activity. increased caloric intake. hormonal changes. changes in muscle composition

Due to oxidative stress, older adults need to increase their consumption of both vitamin C and vitamin E. True False

The growth spurt starts earlier in boys than in girls. True False

The period of life when secondary sex characteristics develop and people are able to reproduce is called menopause. puberty. the epiphyseal stage. growth spurt.

Which of the following is NOT related to the increased iron needs in adolescence? Muscle mass increases. Food choices are often inadequate in iron. Iron, in girls, is lost because of menstruation. Iron utilization slows down.

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate weight control recommendation for an overweight 11-year-old? Exercise for at least one hour a day. Engage in noncompetitive physical activities. Eat a healthful breakfast each morning. Decrease caloric intake by 1,000 Calories a day.

The absorption of which vitamin increases in older adults? A B12 C D

The key macronutrient for the development of the nervous system during the toddler and preschool years is carbohydrate. True False

The cartilage that is located at the end of long bones that closes when growth ceases is called the cortical plate. trabecular plate. osteoid plate. epiphyseal plate.

Which of the following is NOT a strong influence on adolescent food patterns? peers personal food preferences parents their own sense of what foods comprise a healthful, adequate diet

Which of the following would be MOST effective to reduce the risks of falls in older adults? daily tai chi running once a week jogging a 5K race once a month heavy shoveling, raking, and other gardening activities once a month

The so-called "silver" vitamin and mineral supplements are just a marketing ploy and do not provide any health benefits to seniors compared to standard supplements. True False

The nutrient needs of young boys and girls do not differ until about the age of 8 or 9 years. True False

For proper growth and development, toddlers should consume a minimum of what percentage of their total daily energy intake as fat? 30 percent 45 percent 50 percent 55 percent

Which of the following breakfasts would be most appropriate to serve a 20 month old a. 1/2 cup of iron fortified cooked oat cereal, 2 tbsp. of mashed pineapple, and 1 cup of whole milk b. 2 tbsp of nonfat yogurt, 2 tbsp of applesauce, one slive of melba toast spread with strawberry preserves c. 1/2 cup of iron fortified cooked oat cereal,1/2 cup of cubed pineapple, and 1 cup of low fat milk d. two small sausage links, 2 tps scrambled eggs, one slice of whole wheat toast, cherry tomatoes, applsauce, 1 cup of whole milk

Which of the following is most likely to be deficient in the diet of a vegetarian toddler? a. carb and fat b. vitamin c c. iron and zinc d. fiber

Carbs should make up what % if total energy for school-age children a. 25-40% b. 35-50% c. 45-65% d. 65-85%

An adolescent continues to grow in height until a. production of testosterone and estrogen ceases b. the epiphyseal plates close c. peak bone density is reached d. approx. age 13 in girls and age 16 in boys

The RDA for calcium increase to 1,300 for which of the following groups? a. both boys and girls at age 4 b. girs only, beginning at age 9 c. both boys and girls beginning at age 9 d. girls only beginning at age 9

Which of the following statements about pediatric obesity is true a. the prevalence of obesity among US children and adolescents increased by 5% between 2007 -2012 b. to control enerty intake parents should encourage obese kids to skip breakfast c. among adolecents cigarette smoking increases the risk for obesity d. none of the above are true

Which of the follow events occurs with normal aging a. absorption of vitamin B12 from the GI tract is reduced b. a reduced sense of smell contributes to dysphagia c. muscle mass decreases an average of 5-10% between ages 35 - 70 d. all of the above are true

Among older adults a. cataracts are the most common cause of blindness b. northerners living alone have the highest rate of food insecurity c. 75% use five or more prescriptions drugs at any given time d. the prevalence of obesity declines after age 75

The food choice patterns of children are heavily influenced by circumstances at school True or False

Mortality rates are higher in the underweight elderly thatn in the overweigh elderly. True or False

Added to municipal water supplies or taken as a supplement, chlorine will help deter the development of dental caries. True False

Which of the following does NOT contribute to chronic dehydration in elderly individuals? Kidney function changes with advancing age. The thirst mechanism is impaired in the elderly. Perspiration increases as we age. Older adults may limit fluid intake due to urinary incontinence.

Which of the following foods would be the BEST source of dietary calcium for a young toddler? spinach skim milk whole milk yogurt

In older adults, which of the following is a mineral important to a healthy immune system and wound healing? calcium vitamin C vitamin A zinc

Which of the following is associated with behavioral and learning problems in school-aged children? hunger overweight sugary snacks trans fats

The energy needs of older adults are higher than those of younger adults. True False

What is the maximum percentage of total Calories from fat recommended for a preschooler? 10% of total energy 15% of total energy 35% of total energy 50% of total energ

Overweight in children is defined as having a BMI in what percentile range? 75th-84th 85th-94th 95th-99th 100th and above

Multivitamin/mineral supplements should never be recommended for preschoolers. True False

Although considered an epidemic among U.S. adults, obesity rates in school-aged children have remained constant since the 1970s. True False

The key macronutrient for the development of the nervous system during the toddler and preschool years is carbohydrate. True False

A reduced secretion of hydrochloric acid often seen in older adults can result in a(n) reduced absorption of calcium. increased absorption of vitamin C. reduced absorption of potassium. increased absorption of vitamin B12.

Which of the following does the Nutrition Services Incentive Program NOT provide? meals served at senior centers designed to provide one-third of the RDA for key nutrients cash and USDA commodity foods to state agencies coupons to use to purchase foods in the grocery store home-delivered meals for qualified elders

Parents should force their children to eat healthy foods to avoid obesity. True False

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of regular physical activity for older adults? reduced risk of cancer a lower risk of hypertension and obesity a lower rate of depression and dementia less risk of falls and fractures

Which of the following foods does NOT pose a choking hazard for toddlers? whole grapes cherry tomatoes raisins yogurt

Eating disorders do not occur in adolescent boys. True False

Which of the following are substances intentionally put in foods to enhance appearance, palatability, safety, and/or quality? recombinant genes persistent organic pollutants (POPs) biopesticides food additives

A process for eliminating pathogenic microbes that also causes loss of nutrients is ________. refrigeration irradiation pasteurization homogenization

Chemicals that accumulate in soil and water and that enter the food supply as a result of car emissions, improperly disposed waste, and industrial and agricultural pollution are known as prions. nitrites. mycotoxins. persistent organic pollutants.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the sale, distribution, and disposal of pesticides in the United States. True False

Microorganisms that lack a true nucleus and have a chemical called peptidoglycan in their cell walls are called bacteria. protozoa. helminths. prions.

What is the purpose of the GRAS list? To identify substances that are deemed safe based on a history of long-term use or expert consensus. To identify environmentally friendly practices for preserving biodiversity. To alert consumers which organic foods to prioritize. To identify microorganisms most likely to cause foodborne illness.

A potential concern about genetic modification is ________. increased crop yields lack of expansion of the technologies into other areas production of antibiotic-resistant bacteria none; there are no serious concerns about using genetic modification in the food supply.

Poor maternal intake of calcium increases the risk of what disease in the adult offspring? colon cancer hypertension osteoporosis obesity

Why are newborn infants given a single injection of vitamin K? The trauma of birth destroys the newborn's vitamin K stores. Breast milk and infant formulas are low in vitamin K. Infants cannot absorb vitamin K until approximately 3 months of age. The infant's intestinal bacteria are not yet able to synthesize vitamin K.

Which of the following is NOT a maternal benefit of breastfeeding? potential decreased risk of breast cancer assists the uterus in returning to prepregnancy size shortens the intervals between pregnancies is less costly

Adolescents need to consume four servings of dairy foods or calcium-fortified products daily to obtain the necessary calcium intake. True False

Which of the following is NOT one of the secondary contributors responsible for the acne flare-ups that plague many adolescents? emotional stress genes chocolate consumption personal hygiene

Janie is four years old. What serving size of green beans would you recommend for her? 4 tablespoons 2 tablespoons 6 tablespoons 3 tablespoons

An adequate consumption of fat during the toddler years is necessary for the development of which system? digestive skeletal urinary nervous