Chapter 14 Mastering

Certain traits that allow pathogens to create infection and cause disease are termed

Which of the following enzymes breaks down the "glue" that holds cells together?

Which of the following virulence factors would be found in Staphylococcus aureus?

How do fibrinolysins enhance a pathogen's virulence?

What are leukocidins?

Measles viruses are capable of inactivating host defenses by

Meningitis and gonorrhea are caused by

How do superantigens enable pathogens to hide from the immune system if they actually stimulate the immune system?

How can capsules enable bacteria to evade the immune system?

How are immune cells able to detect foreign pathogens?

How does a capsule help certain bacteria evade detection by the immune system?

Which of the following microorganisms actually grows inside the macrophage?

How does the protozoan Trypanosoma evade detection by the immune system?

An exotoxin that has the ability to kill or damage host cells is referred to as a(n)

Which domain of the A-B toxin binds to cell surface receptors on the host cell?

How are superantigens different from other types of exotoxins?

A person who attended a picnic early in the day develops a very high fever and is unresponsive by the evening. This person most likely has been exposed to a(n)

A patient who has been hospitalized with uncontrolled muscle spasms has probably been infected with bacteria that secrete a(n)

Which of the following features of Salmonella prevent it from being phagocytosed?

Where do Salmonella pathogens grow and replicate in the infected host?

Where is the site of Shigella attachment in the host?

How do Shigella cells move between host cells?

What is the etiologic agent of typhoid?

Endotoxins are also known as

When would endotoxins be released from a bacterial cell?

Which of the following would be the first sign of an infection that resulted in the release of endotoxin?

Why is a release of endotoxin into the bloodstream potentially deadly?

Which of the following would be considered a fomite?

Which of the following would be considered a vector?

When aerosols containing pathogens spread disease from a distance of less than one meter, it is considered

Which of the following is considered a major category of transmission of disease?

Which is an example of vehicle disease transmission?

Epidemiology is defined as the study of

What is the role of epidemiology?

Expected prevalence of a disease is

In the sixth segment of the animation, why is the disease epidemic in North America?

In the last segment of the animation, how many regions of the world experience the pandemic during April of year four?

In the last segment of the animation, when does the first epidemic occur?

If a disease occurs at a fairly stable rate, it is said to be

A mutation of which of the following structures would most likely render a pathogenic bacterium avirulent?

What differentiates droplet transmission from airborne transmission?

Which of the following describes the typical relationship between the resident microbiota and the transient microbiota?

The fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci is found in the lungs of most people in low numbers, but in immunocompromised people it overgrows, resulting in severe respiratory problems. The fungus is best described as

Axenic systems of the body include

Which of the following situations might cause normal microbiota to become opportunistic pathogens?

Which of the following is considered part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system?

A pathogen is best described as

Opportunistic microorganisms are

The condition called parasitism is characterized as

An axenic environment is one

Normal microbiota may cause disease if they are introduced into an unusual site in the body.

In the early years of microbiology, scientists often removed disease material from one patient and introduced it into other individuals in an effort to understand what caused the disease. According to Koch's postulates, what was the major flaw in their experimental process?

Why did the 19th century conclusion that Haemophilus influenzae causes influenza contradict Koch's postulates?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a zoonosis?

A reservoir is

All of the following might lead to a disease caused by an opportunistic pathogen EXCEPT __________.

Human normal microbiota begin to develop __________.

The typical relationship between the resident microbiota and the transient microbiota is which of the following?

How was this carrier identified?

Based on the data supplied, what was the approximate mortality rate for this outbreak?

What is the reservoir for this disease organism, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi?

How could this epidemic be stopped without firing the worker?

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of typhoid fever?

Rabies is an example of a zoonosis that is hard to control because __________.

What is the standard for tuberculosis surveillance in a hospital?

Which vaccination may cause a false positive skin test for tuberculosis?

This nurse's condition worsened after medical treatment. Which specific medication is immunosuppressive?

Why must the physicians wait three months to skin test the babies and their mothers?

Which of the following was the defining test that determined that this nurse has an active case of tuberculosis?

Which of the following is the most effective way to reduce the number of healthcare associated infections (HAIs)?

According to the animation, surgical infections account for what percentage of nosocomial infections?

What type of nosocomial infection is likely to arise from intravenous catheterizations?

How might a patient who is not being treated with an antibiotic still be exposed to an antibiotic?

Why are invasive procedures likely to increase the risk of nosocomial infections?

How can health care workers reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections?