Chapter 13 Practice Quiz

25 July 2022
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Which of the following is a characteristic of both spinal and cranial nerves?
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They contain bundles of axons.
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Which of the following are groups of neuronal cell bodies that are located within the ANS?
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ganglia nuclei
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Which division detects stimuli of the general senses and special senses?
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somatic sensory division
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The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are divisions of the:
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visceral motor division (or autonomic nervous system, ANS
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What connective tissue sheath wraps the axon of a neuron?
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endoneurium
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Cranial nerve V is the __________.
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trigeminal nerve
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Cranial nerve IV is the __________.
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trochlear nerve
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Which cranial nerve is generally thought of as a mixed nerve?
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glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
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Which cranial nerve detects smell?
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olfactory nerve (I)
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Which of the following parts of a spinal nerve carries sensory information only?
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posterior (dorsal) root
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Which plexus provides motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb?
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brachial plexus
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Predict what might happen if a disease caused the axons of the first-order somatosensory neurons that transmit proprioceptive stimuli to lose their myelin sheaths.
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Lack of coordination during walking would be present.
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Mechanoreceptors detect __________.
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vibration and deep pressure
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The receptors for smell and taste are __________.
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chemoreceptors
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Mechanoreceptors might detect which of the following sensations?
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pressure
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What part of the nervous system integrates and interprets information from PNS sensory neurons?
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central nervous system (CNS)
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Place the following steps in order for motor control. 1. Upper motor neurons stimulate lower motor neurons. 2. Sensory information is relayed back to the cerebellum so movement can be modified if needed. 3. Upper motor neurons in the premotor cortex select a motor program. 4. Lower motor neurons stimulate a skeletal muscle to contract. 5. The basal nuclei enable the thalamus to stimulate upper motor neurons of the primary cortex.
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3, 5, 1, 4, 2
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This reflex arc shows a __________.
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monosynaptic reflex
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Reflexes that control skeletal muscle are called __________.
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somatic
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The patellar reflex is a type of __________.
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stretch reflex
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Compared to chemical synapses, electrical synapses:
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offer faster cell-cell communication
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What is NOT true of muscle spindles?
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Muscle spindles are found within tendons.
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Which cranial nerve originates as two separate nerves that share a common epineurium, but fuse together after they leave the temporal bone?
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Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
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The vagus nerve is represented by Roman numeral __________.
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X
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Axons of these cranial nerves pass through the cribriform foramina of the ethmoid bone.
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Olfactory nerve (I)
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What extraocular muscle does the trochlear nerve (IV) innervate?
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Superior oblique muscle
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What nerve stimulates the masseter and temporalis muscles to elevate the mandible during mastication and swallowing?
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Trigeminal (V) nerve
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What connects the upper motor neurons to lower motor neurons?
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Interneurons
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Bell's palsy affects the __________ nerve.
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facial nerve
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The ________ innervates the throat, anterior neck, and almost all of the thoracic and abdominal viscera.
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vagus nerve (X)
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Which is not a primary function of the oculomotor nerve (III)?
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Dilates the pupil
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Which nerve innervates most of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
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Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
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The optic nerve is represented by Roman numeral __________.
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II
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What two nerves do not arise from the brain stem?
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Olfactory and optic nerves
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Where are the sensory neurons found in a spinal nerve?
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Posterior root of spinal nerve
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The ______________ of the peripheral nervous sytems consists of lower motor neurons that directly innervate skeletal muscle fibers.
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somatic motor division
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Which is not a motor function of the facial nerve?
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Responsible for swallowing movements
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What is the connective tissue sheath that surrounds a peripheral nerve?
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Epineurium
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Which branch is not part of the trigeminal nerve?
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Buccal nerve
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The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are divisions of the __________.
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visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system)
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Which of the following cranial nerves contain axons of motor neurons?
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Trochlear nerve (IV)
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What nerve stimulates the masseter and temporalis muscles to elevate the mandible during mastication and swallowing?
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Trigeminal (V) nerve
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Which nerve has the sensory functions of taste in the posterior one-third of the tongue and detecting changes in blood pressure of the carotid artery?
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Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
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What nerve is unique in that it has a spinal origin?
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Accessory nerve (XI)
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Which of the following houses motor neurons?
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anterior root of spinal nerve
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Where does the motor portion of the facial nerve (VIII) originate?
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Nuclei in the pons and medulla
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Which somatic motor neuron innervates the lateral rectus muscle?
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Abducens nerve (VI)
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Bundles of axons within a nerve are known as __________.
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fascicles
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What nerve causes the painful tingling sensation when you hit your "funny bone"?
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Ulnar nerve
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Which nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles and the skin over the deltoid?
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Axillary nerve
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Which of the following nerves does not originate from the sacral plexus?
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Obturator nerve
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A receptor potential _______________________.
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leads to an action potential if the stimulus is strong enough
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Visceral pain may be perceived as cutaneous pain, a phenomenon known as __________.
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referred pain
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Which of the following events is not a step in the pathway for detection and perception of somatic sensation?
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The central process transmits the action potential to the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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Which component of a somatic sensory neuron transmits an action potential from the peripheral process to the posterior horn?
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Central process
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What receptors would detect a temperature of 52ยฐC?
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Nociceptors
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Ms. Carroll went to her doctor's office with pain in her right shoulder blade and learned she was having a gallbladder attack. You're not surprised to hear about the unusual location of her pain since it is known as __________.
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referred pain
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What is the largest and longest nerve of the body?
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sciatic nerve
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Sensory transduction occurs in __________.
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PNS sensory neurons
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_____________ are sensory receptors accociated with pain.
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Nociceptors
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During a boxing match, Sammy was hit on the side of the neck. He stopped breathing temporarily due to damage to the __________.
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cervical plexus
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Which of the following is incorrect about the numbers of spinal nerves?
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7 pairs of cervical spinal nerves
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Which of the following characteristics is not true about receptive fields?
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More sensory neurons equal larger receptive fields per neuron.
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What mechanoreceptor is activated by high-frequency vibratory stimuli and deep pressure?
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Lamellated corpuscles
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Merkel cell fibers, tactile corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and lamellated corpuscles are all types of ______________.
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mechanoreceptors
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Which of the following nerves does not originate from the brachial plexus?
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Phrenic nerve
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The _________ nerve is the largest nerve from the posterior division, and of the lumbar plexus.
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femoral
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A network of nerves is known as a __________.
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plexus
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Regions of skin supplied by a spinal nerve for somatic sensation are known as __________.
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dermatomes
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What sensors are located in the musculoskeletal system and detect the movement and position of a joint or body part?
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Proprioceptors
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What sensory receptor is responsible for detecting the hydrogen ion concentration in the body's fluids?
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Chemoreceptor
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____________ detect an object's texture, temperature, and color.
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Exteroceptors
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Photoreceptors are found only in the __________.
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eye
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The speed of nerve impulse transmission through the axon of a sensory neuron will be quickest in __________.
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a large-diameter, myelinated axon
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Which of the following reflexes is not a somatic reflex?
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Meissner reflex
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Which of the following complements the flexion (withdrawal) reflex?
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Crossed-extension reflex
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What reflex is caused by stimulation of nociceptors?
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Flexion reflex
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The small lower motor neurons that innervate intrafusal muscle fibers that are part of specialized stretch receptors are called _____________.
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g-motor neurons
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What reflex is critical in keeping you upright when you're standing?
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Patellar reflex
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What reflex causes muscle relaxation?
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Golgi tendon reflex
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An injury to somatic sensory neurons that decreases or eliminates sensation, including pain, in the affected part of the body is called ________________
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sensory peripheral neuropathy.
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The lower motor neurons that innervate contractile skeletal muscle fibers are called ________
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a-motor neurons.
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A reflex with a single synapse between the sensory and motor neurons within the spinal cord is known as a __________.
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monosynaptic reflex
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What type of sensory receptors are muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs?
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Mechanoreceptor
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Which of the following symptoms is characterized by extending the big toe and spreading out the other toes when the bottom of the foot is stroked on a patient with an upper motor neuron disorder?
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Babinski sign
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Motor neuron pools consist of __________.
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lower motor neurons
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What causes you to automatically blink when something touches your eye unexpectedly?
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Corneal blink reflex
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______________ detect the degree to which a muscle is stretched.
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Muscle spindles
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What disease affects both the upper and lower motor neurons and typically results in death within 5 years of disease onset?
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
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Muscle groups that produce fine movements, like the extrinsic eye muscles, have _________ of muscle spindles compared to muscle groups that produce course movements.
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a large number
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When the visceral sensory nerve endings of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the posterior throat are stimulated, unilaterally it triggers a _________________
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gag reflex.
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Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a Golgi tendon organ?
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It consists of an encapsulated bundle of collagen fibers attached to about 20 extrafusal muscle fibers.
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____________ detect the force generated by a muscle contraction.
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Golgi tendon organs
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Which of the following must occur first in a reflex arc?
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Detection by a receptor and delivery of stimulus