Chapter 13

Hormones influence sexual behavior by

According to the text, the "mamawawa"

According to the text, the mamawawa is an African culture

Which of the gonads is indicated here?

Sweat glands

Endocrine glands are ductless glands; they release

The testes and ovaries are

In the mathematics of copulation,

Which of the following statements is true?

In males, one sex chromosome is an X chromosome and the other is

Which of the following statements is true? All typical

Most hormones fit into one of the following three categories:

Steroid hormones

The most prevalent estrogen is

Two of the major classes of gonadal steroid hormones are

Testosterone is

The three main classes of gonadal steroid hormones are

Which hormone is released by the testes but not by the ovaries?

All of the sex steroids that are released by the gonads are also released by the

Which of the following is released by the adrenal cortex?

A tropic hormone is any hormone that

The anterior pituitary releases

Which structure is indicated here?

The anterior pituitary develops from a small outgrowth of fetal

In addition to the testes, which of the following endocrine glands could be said to dangle?

Metaphorically speaking, which gland is the master gland?

Although the pituitary is often referred to as the master gland, strictly speaking the master gland is the

Located just above the pituitary is the

The anterior pituitary receives substantial neural input from the

Unlike the posterior pituitary, the anterior pituitary

The master gland has its own master; where is it?

Indicated here is the__________ , which supplies the posterior pituitary with vasopressin and oxytocin.

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

Vasopressin and oxytocin are synthesized in the

The axons of both paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus neurons terminate in the

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary via the

Selectively cutting the veins of the pituitary stalk temporarily disrupts the release of

A portal vein is any vein

Releasing hormones are synthesized in the

Releasing hormones are released into the

Releasing hormones control the release of

The first releasing hormone to be isolated was

Thyrotropin is released by the

Gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulates the release of __________ from the anterior pituitary.

Both follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are

There are often large minute-to-minute fluctuations in the levels of a person's circulating hormones. These fluctuations are often the result of

Humans are dimorphic; that is, they come

The cortices of the primordial gonads may develop into

The Sry gene on the Y sex chromosome triggers the synthesis of

Sry protein triggers the development of the medullas of the primordial gonads into

In the absence of Sry protein, the

Sperm cells move to the seminal vesicles through the

Only the upper portion of the __________ is part of the Müllerian system.

During the third month of male fetal development, the testes secrete substantial amounts of testosterone and

When she matures, a genetic female fetus injected with testosterone in its third month of development could very well have

Which of the following are likely to develop female internal reproductive ducts?

The word that refers specifically to the removal of the testes is

A female whose ovaries have been removed is said to be

The external reproductive organs of males and females develop

The male and female external reproductive organs develop from the

Which of the following male structures develops from the same fetal tissue as do the labia majora?

Puberty is associated with an increase in the release of

Generally speaking, feminization of the body at puberty

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic that is induced by an androgen other than testosterone?

At puberty, the growth of female pubic hair and axillary hair is stimulated by

A century and a half ago, puberty usually began at about __________ years of age.

A normal genetic female who receives injections of testosterone throughout fetal development will be born with

If the testes of a normal male fetus were removed as soon as they developed, the child would be born with

Which of the following statements describes our current understanding of differences in the structure of human female and human male brains?

Brains of men and women exhibit the following general difference: Men's brains tend to be

All gonadal sex hormones are

There is good evidence in some species that testosterone does not masculinize the brain directly, that it is first converted to estradiol, which then masculinizes the brain. This hypothesis is called the __________ hypothesis.

The aromatization hypothesis is that

Alpha fetoprotein

In sensitive species, female fetuses are protected from the masculinizing effects of their mother's estradiol by

Which of the following statements about brain differentiation is true according to recent findings?

In the evaluation of the effects of various hormone treatments on reproductive behavior, it is important to distinguish between "feminize" and "demasculinize" because they

Ear wiggling

Genetic males with androgenic insensitivity syndrome have

Which of the following is not a true statement about genetic males with androgenic insensitivity syndrome?

Individuals with androgenic insensitivity syndrome do not develop normal internal female reproductive ducts because their

Adrenogenital syndrome is a consequence of

If identified at birth in a genetic female, adrenogenital syndrome is typically treated by early

Adrenogenital syndrome is associated with

Which of the following is true of untreated genetic females with adrenogenital syndrome?

John Money's famous case study of ablatio penis was initially used to argue that

In Money's 1975 report, he claimed that his famous case of ablatio penis had developed as a

In a follow-up study of Money's famous case study of ablatio penis, it was revealed that the patient had

David Reimer, the case of ablatio penis, requested and was given

The famous case of David Reimer suggests that surgically modifying a person's sex

Orchidectomy

Castrating adult human males usually produces a decrease in their

One particularly puzzling thing about the effects of orchidectomy in adult males is the

Orchidectomy usually produces impotence, which is eliminated by replacement injections of

Which of the following statements is not true? Testosterone replacement injections administered to adult orchidectomized males usually

Testosterone injections administered to healthy males often increase

Dihydrotestosterone is

In sexually mature female rats and guinea pigs, each estrous cycle is about

In laboratory experiments, ovariectomized female rats are often rendered receptive by injections of

Castrating sexually mature female rats

Which of the following is not a common consequence of ovariectomy in adult human females?

There is evidence that the hormone that influences sexual motivation in women is

The following finding suggests that the sex drive of women is influenced by testosterone:

Which of the following is not true? Anabolic steroids

Although there are few controlled studies of anabolic steroid use, it seems clear that anabolic steroids can

Testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, amenorrhea, sterility, hirsutism, cancer, acne, and muscle spasms are all potential symptoms of

It is virtually impossible to study sexual ___________ using conventional brain imaging technology

Which of the following brain structures are known to play a role in human sexual behavior?

With respect to human sexual behavior, the _________ is thought to control the most complex aspects.

The __________ are found in the preoptic area, and they are larger in male rats than in female rats.

The sexually dimorphic nuclei are well known because they

Which hormone normally triggers the growth of the sexually dimorphic nuclei in male neonatal rats?

Destruction of the medial preoptic area

The medial preoptic area appears to control male copulatory behavior via a tract that runs to the

Estrus can be induced in ovariectomized female rats by microinjections of estradiol and progesterone in the

Which of the following suggested that the amygdala plays in important role in human sexual behavior?

People who are sexually attracted to members of either sex are

Bailey and Pillard found the rate of homosexuality in males who had a homosexual twin brother to be

Which of the following groups of adult males has substantially higher levels of circulating testosterone than the others?

If a homosexual male were gonadectomized and then given extremely large replacement injections of testosterone, his primary sexual orientation would be

Castration of bisexual males

Same-sex sexual preferences have been induced in several species by perinatal

The probability of homosexuality of human males increases as a function of the number of older brothers; this

In a key study, women whose mothers had been exposed to a synthetic estrogen (diethylstilbestrol) during pregnancy reported

Sexual attraction develops

Transsexualism is a condition of sexual

The first step in male-to-female sexual reassignments is

Genetic male transsexuals are almost always