Chapter 12: Water & Body Fluids

Approximately how much water (lbs) is found in a 134-lb person? a. 34 b. 65 c. 80 d. 105

What is the body's most indispensable nutrient? a. Fat b. Water c. Protein d. Glucose

What fraction of lean tissue represents the water content? a. 1/10 b. 1/3 c. 1/2 d. 3/4

Which of the following is not a function of water in the body? a. Lubricant b. Source of energy c. Maintains protein structure d. Participant in chemical reactions

Which of the following contributes most to the weight of the human body? a. Iron b. Water c. Protein d. Calcium

Among the following groups, which has the highest percentage of body water? a. Elderly b. Children c. Obese people d. Female adolescents

In the body, water that resides between cells is known as a. diuretic fluid. b. Interstitial Fluid. c. edematous fluid. d. intravascular fluid.

All of the following are mild symptoms of dehydration except a. thirst. b. fatigue. c. weakness. d. Spastic Muscles.

Which of the following body structures helps to regulate thirst? a. Brain stem b. Cerebellum c. Optic nerve d. Hypothalamus

Where is interstitial water found? a. Within cells b. Between cells c. Within the lungs d. Within blood vessels

Which of the following is a feature of water and nutrition? a. Water intoxication is rare but can result in death b. Water losses from the body are highest through the feces c. Chronic high intakes increase the risk for bladder cancer d. Soft water has significant concentrations of magnesium and calcium

What minimum level of body weight loss as water impairs a person's physical performance? a. 1-2% b. 3-4% c. 5-9% d. 10-15%

What minimum percentage of body weight loss as water results in fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite? a. 1-2 b. 3-4 c. 5-6 d. 7-8

Abnormally low blood sodium concentration is known specifically as a. hypertension. b. Hyponatremia. c. hyperkalemia. d. water intoxication.

Which of the following is a feature of water? a. Not a vital nutrient b. Not found in foods c. Oxidized to yield energy d. Generated from oxidation of energy nutrients

The average daily loss of water via the kidneys, lungs, feces, and skin is approximately a. 0 to 0.5 liters. b. 0.5 to 1.5 liters. c. 1.5 to 2.5 liters. d. 3.0 to 4.0 liters.

What is the minimum amount of water (mL) that must be excreted each day as urine in order to carry away the body's waste products? a. 100 b. 250 c. 500 d. 1,000

What is the minimum water intake for a 65-kg adult with an energy expenditure of 2,500 kcalories? a. 250 mL b. 650 mL c. 1,250 mL d. 2,500 mL

Approximately how much water is in a loaf of bread? a. 2% of the loaf b. 5% of the loaf c. 20% of the loaf d. 35% of the loaf

The minimum amount of water that must be excreted by the body to dispose of its wastes is termed a. life supporting fluid loss. b. mandatory water fraction. c. Obligatory Water Excretion. d. minimum daily water requirement.

The approximate percentage of water in pizza is a. 5. b. 15. c. 30. d. 45.

Approximately how many mL of water/day are produced by metabolism? a. 100 b. 250 c. 500 d. 750

Which of the following is present in highest concentration in soft water? a. Sodium b. Calcium c. Magnesium d. Phosphorus

Habitual intake of soft water is most likely to aggravate a. scurvy. b. diabetes. c. Hypertension. d. megaloblastic anemia.

Which of the following is a characteristic of caffeine intake and water balance? a. Caffeine inhibits water absorption from the GI tract b. Caffeine is known to act as a diuretic only when consumed as coffee or tea c. Regular intake of caffeine promotes an increase in water retention of the interstitial fluid volume d. Habitual consumers of caffeine lose almost no more fluid from the body than when ingesting non-caffeinated beverages

Which of the following types of drinking water contains the lowest amount of minerals? a. Soft water b. Hard water c. Natural water d. Distilled water

What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids? a. Liver b. Heart c. Kidneys d. Skeletal muscle

How does antidiuretic hormone function? a. It activates renin b. It activates angiotension c. It stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys d. It stimulates sodium reabsorption by the kidneys

What pituitary hormone regulates kidney retention of water? a. Thyroxine b. Cortisone c. Epinephrine d. Antidiuretic hormone

Factors that are effective in regulating the body's water balance include all of the following except a. Adrenaline. b. aldosterone. c. angiotensin. d. antidiuretic hormone.

Aldosterone and renin each function to promote a. electrolyte balance. b. Retention of Sodium. c. excretion of calcium. d. constriction of blood vessels.

Among the following, which promotes constriction of blood vessels resulting in elevation of blood pressure? a. Phytates b. Angiotensin c. Aldosterone d. Carbonic acid

What is the function of renin? a. Activates angiotensin b. Activates antidiuretic hormone c. Stimulates the thirst mechanism d. Stimulates water absorption from the GI tract

Ions that carry a positive charge are called a. anions. b. Cations. c. mineralytes. d. valence ions.

Which of the following describes a way to make an electrolyte solution? a. Dissolve a teaspoon of salt in a glass of water b. Vigorously shake a mixture of corn oil and water c. Dissolve a pinch of corn starch in a glass of water d. Vigorously shake a pinch of table sugar in warm water

What is the major extracellular anion? a. Sodium b. Lactate c. Sulfate d. Chloride

What is the major intracellular anion? a. Protein b. Sodium c. Phosphate d. Bicarbonate

What is the major extracellular cation? a. Sodium b. Sulfate c. Protein d. Potassium

What is the major intracellular cation? a. Sodium b. Calcium c. Phosphate d. Potassium

All of the following are properties of electrolytes except a. they attract water. b. they are charged particles. c. they carry electrical current. d. They include fat-soluble as well as water-soluble particles.

What is the term for the pressure that develops when two solutions of varying concentrations are separated by a membrane? a. Hypotension b. Hypertension c. Osmotic pressure d. Hypertonic pressure

What is the force that moves water into a space where a solute is more concentrated? a. Buffer action b. Osmotic pressure c. Permeable selectivity d. Electrolyte imbalance

What is the sodium-potassium pump? a. A cell membrane protein that uses energy to pump sodium into the cell b. A cell membrane protein that uses energy to pump sodium out of the cell c. A mechanism present throughout interstitial fluid for draining sodium from the circulation d. A mechanism present in the kidneys that exchanges sodium with lactic acid in order to regulate organic acid concentration

When a person loses fluid by sweating or bleeding, what minerals are lost in greatest quantity? a. Sodium and chloride b. Bicarbonate and sulfate c. Calcium and magnesium d. Potassium and phosphate

All of the following are typical ingredients in an oral rehydration therapy formula except a. salt. b. water. c. sugar. d. Protein.

The normal blood pH range is approximately a. 6.80-7.15. b. 6.98-7.12. c. 7.35-7.45. d. 7.55-8.55.

All of the following are common participants in the regulation of body fluid pH except a. proteins. b. Oxalic Acid. c. bicarbonate. d. carbonic acid.

All of the following play important roles in acid-base balance except a. The liver. b. the lungs. c. the kidneys. d. blood buffers.

What organ is the chief regulator of the body's acid-base balance? a. Skin b. Liver c. Kidneys d. Stomach

What is a chief function of carbonic acid in the body? a. Activates andiotensin b. Activates angiotensinogen c. Helps with gastric digestion d. Helps maintain acid-base balance