Chapter 12 quizzes

The suggested ratio for the time of inhalation to exhalation when using breath control as a relaxation device is a. 1:5 b. 1:2 c. 3:1 d. 5:1 e. 1:4

. A good starting point for increasing awareness of arousal states is to a. visualize your best and worst performances b. visualize only your best performance c. develop relaxation skills d. learn transcendental meditation e. learn autogenic training

. Which of the following is (are) NOT a stage in autogenic training? a. regulation of breathing b. regulation of cardiac activity c. cooling of the extremities d. a and c e. b and c

The two sensations that are emphasized in autogenic training are a. warmth and cold b. warmth and heaviness c. kinesthetic and heaviness d. warmth and kinesthetic e. cold and kinesthetic

Autogenic training was developed by a. Weinberg and Gould b. Jacobson and Benson c. Schultz and Luthe d. Martens and Landers e. Schultz and Singer

The state of mind produced by the relaxation response is similar to that described during a. imagery b. peak performance c. transcendental meditation d. deep sleep e. progressive relaxation

The premise of stress inoculation training is to a. expose the person to increasing amounts of stress, thereby enhancing the person's immunity to stress b. teach both somatic and cognitive anxiety skills c. teach people that stress is predominantly in their minds d. teach people to appraise stressful situations e. none of the above

Relaxation (anxiety reduction) techniques are usually classified as a. cognitive and somatic b. state and trait c. sport specific and general d. cognitive and appraisal e. somatic and visceral

Using an electronic monitoring device that can detect and amplify internal responses not ordinarily available to us is known as a. systematic desensitization b. classical conditioning c. biological mapping d. biofeedback e. biological conditioning

Effective breathing occurs from the a. diaphragm b. central chest c. upper chest d. throat e. none of the above

Athletes should make sure that when they are performing a skill under pressure, they a. breathe out during execution of the skill b. breathe in during execution of the skill c. hold their breath during execution of the skill d. breathe shallowly during execution of the skill e. none of the above

Ost has developed an applied relaxation technique using progressive relaxation that can be done at competitions in a. 10 to 12 minutes b. 5 to 7 minutes c. 2 to 4 minutes d. 20 to 30 seconds e. 1 minute

Before starting progressive relaxation, you should a. dim the lights b. put on soft music c. lie down in a comfortable position d. all of the above e. a and c

Progressive relaxation was developed by a. Herbert Benson b. Ken Ravizza c. Edmund Jacobson d. Rainer Martens e. Daniel Gould

Which of the following is (are) NOT a tenet of progressive relaxation? a. Tension and relaxation can occur simultaneously. b. A decrease in muscle tension will lead to a decrease in mental tension. c. Progressively contract and relax the major muscle groups in the body. d. a and b e. b and c

Excess anxiety can produce a. inappropriate muscle tension b. inappropriate thoughts c. somatic (physiological) reactions d. all of the above e. a and c

A good way to increase awareness of psychological states in sport is to a. monitor and record your psychological states immediately after practice and competition b. talk to teammates c. practice relaxation techniques d. practice cognitive restructuring e. all of the above

The relaxation response was developed by a. Herbert Benson b. Edmund Jacobson c. Robert Weinberg d. Charles Hardy e. Gunther Schultz

The matching hypothesis refers to a. matching athletes with coaches to reduce anxiety levels b. matching athletes with other athletes of similar anxiety levels c. matching the type of anxiety management technique to the specific anxiety problem of each athlete d. matching athletes to the sport that is least anxiety provoking to them e. none of the above

Which of the following is NOT a coping strategy typically employed by elite athletes? a. social support (friends, coaches, family) b. time management c. thought control d. superstition e. rational thinking via self-talk

According to research with elite athletes by Gould and colleagues, athletes a. prepared for unexpected events b. usually overtrained c. placed a great deal of importance on mental training d. all of the above e. a and c

Which of the following is NOT a phase in the hypnosis process? a. induction phase b. hypnotic phase c. autogenic phase d. waking phase e. posthypnotic phase

According to the study by Eubank and Collins, individuals perceiving their anxiety as facilitative (as opposed to debilitative) use more a. emotion-focused coping b. problem-focused coping c. imagery d. a and b e. a and c

Which of the following statements regarding hypnosis is (are) true? a. The more open individuals are to receiving suggestions, the more likely they will benefit from hypnosis. b. Negative suggestions almost always result in a decrease in performance. c. The deeper the trance, the more likely the hypnosis will be effective. d. all of the above e. a and c

Which of the following levels of effort produced the fastest running times of 400-meter runners? a. 110% b. 100% c. 75% d. 95% e. none of the above

Both Ron Smith's cognitive-affective stress management training and Don Meichenbaum's stress inoculation training are examples of ___________ anxiety programs. a. multimodal b. multidisciplinary c. multivariate d. cognitive appraisal e. somatic appraisal

The two most widely accepted coping categories are known as a. problem-focused and cognitive-focused coping b. problem-focused and emotion-focused coping c. cognitive-focused and somatic-focused coping d. emotion-focused and somatic-focused coping e. emotion-focused and cognitive-focused coping

The elements necessary for achieving the relaxation response include a. a quiet environment b. a passive attitude c. a mental device d. a comfortable position e. all of the above

Which of the following can increase activation? a. using positive mood words b. slowing down the breathing rate c. listening to energizing music d. a and c e. b and c

An athlete who is underactivated commonly experiences which of the following? a. heavy feeling in the legs b. mind wandering c. feelings of anxiety d. a and b e. b and c

Which of the following can be useful as an on-site strategy to help reduce tension? a. Smile when the pressure is coming on. b. Slow down. c. Stay focused in the present. d. all of the above e. a and c

Stress inoculation training focuses on which of the following mental techniques to reduce stress? a. attentional control and progressive relaxation b. self-talk and attentional control c. imagery and self-talk d. imagery and progressive relaxation e. imagery and attentional control

Cognitive restructuring attempts to a. identify and modify stress-inducing self-statements b. improve problem-solving ability c. improve attentional focus d. identify different strategies for mental preparation e. none of the above

Which of the following is (are) NOT among the interventions for cognitive-affective stress management training? a. cognitive restructuring b. relaxation skills c. self-instructional training d. systematic desensitization e. a and c

Which of the following is NOT a phase in Smith's cognitive-affective stress management training? a. pretreatment assessment b. treatment rationale c. skill acquisition d. skill rehearsal e. posttreatment assessment

According to the research on biofeedback by Landers and his colleagues, a. biofeedback provides a mechanism for coping with precompetitive anxiety b. biofeedback can improve the performance of rifle shooters c. biofeedback provides shooters with a greater awareness of their heart and respiration rates d. all of the above e. a and c

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding research findings on coping in sport? a. Athletes use both adaptive and nonadaptive coping strategies. b. Athletes usually stick with one coping strategy. c. Athletes who had more adaptive coping strategies had higher performance. d. a and b e. a and c

A key feature in the multimodal anxiety reduction programs is that they help participants learn a. coping skills b. confidence-building skills c. physical relaxation d. cognitive relaxation e. self-esteem

Which of the following is NOT a stage in stress inoculation training? a. preparing for the stressor b. coping with the stressor c. controlling the stressor d. evaluating coping efforts e. removing the stressor

Which is the best type of coping strategy to use in an athletic setting? a. emotion-focused coping b. No one type of strategy is best for all situations. c. problem-focused coping d. avoidance coping e. cognitive appraisal coping

For long-term coping, research indicates that the most effective strategy is a. active-problem-focused coping b. avoidance coping c. emotion-focused coping d. cognitive appraisal coping e. active-avoidance coping

Which of the following is (are) strategies for coping with different emotions in sport? a. vicarious learning b. self-analysis c. reframing d. all of the above e. a and c