Chapter 12: Patterns of Inheritance

The first detailed and quantitative studies on inheritance were carried out by an Austrian monk named _____.

Mendel used the garden ________ plant for his studies on inheritance/

The phenotypic ratio for the F1 generation that results from a testcross between a homozygous individual and a heterozygous individual is.....

In modern terminology, Mendel's heredity "factors" are called

The observable expression of the genes present in organism is called its

Alternate forms of the same gene are called

The Principle of __________ states that the 2 alleles present at each gene locus separate from one another during gamete formation and remain distinct

Mendel used the ________ to determine whether an individual with the dominant phenotype was a homozygous or heterozygous for that trait.

A diploid organism that has two identical alleles for a given trait is called _______ for that trait.

An allele for a particular trait that is only expressed in the presence of a second copy of the same allele is called

During his experiments with pea plants, Mendel referred to the trait that was expressed in the F1 or first filial generation as

In Mendel's experiments on seed color in pea plants, when a dominant yellow seed-bearing plant was crossed with a recessive green seed-bearing plant, what was the approximate phenotypic ratio among the F2 generation?

Individuals that have 2 alleles for most gene loci are best described as

If fertilization involves two gametes that contain different alleles of a given gene, the resulting offspring is

In a heterozygous individual, the allele being expressed is

An allele that is present but is unexpressed is

The allelic make up of a cell or individual is referred to as its

A cross where we follow the inheritance of 2 pairs of alleles is called

Let P=purple flowers and p=white, and T=tall plants and t=dwarf. If the upper case letters represent the dominant alleles, what is the phenotype of a plant with the genotype PpTt?

Let P=purple flowers and p=white, and T=tall and t=dwarf. What are the genotypes of the gametes that could be produced by a plant that is heterozygous for both traits?

Let P=purple flowers and p=white, and T=tall and t=dwarf. Of the 16 possible gamete combinations in the dihybrid cross between 2 double heterozygotes, how many would produce the phenotype white, tall?

Mendel's Principle of Independent Assortment states that different pairs of

The independent assortment of allele pairs is due to

If a single gene has 3 or more alternative forms, this is called

Sometimes, one gene pair will interfere with the expression of a second gene pair in an interaction called

If an individual allele has more than one effect on the phenotypes, this is called

ABO blood group determination is an example of

When Mendel crossed purple-flowered pea plants with white-flowered pea plants, he never got offspring with flowers that had an intermediate color. This was counter to the theory of

Sometimes, when Mendel crossed two purple-flowered pea plants with each other, he obtained a phenotypic ratio of 3:1 (purple-flowered pea plants to white-flowered pea plants). These results are consistent with which of the following sets of parents?

Height is a trait that shows continuous variation in humans. In pea plants, on the other hand, the tall allele is dominant over the short allele and there are no intermediate heights. What is the best explanation for this difference?

An extensive study was conducted on identical twins who were separated at birth. Among other things, the study showed that the individual from each pair who received better nutrition during childhood tended to score higher on standardized intelligence tests. This can best be described as an example of how

A person who has lost a large amount of blood but is still alive is found in a wrecked automobile under a highway bridge. Several people are helping the paramedics load the victim into the ambulance. After the ambulance has departed for the hospital, you overhear the following conversation from the persons who helped the paramedics. "I am certain that when that guy gets to the hospital, they will transfuse him with any blood that they have in the blood bank since he has lost so much blood." The other person says, "Yeah, I bet you're right!" Having had a biology course, you know which blood could be safely given to anyone. Select it.

The genotypic ratio produced in the F2 generation is most likely

In white tigers, the absence of fur pigmentation is caused by a recessive allele. This allele also causes the tigers to be cross-eyed. If two tigers heterozygous for this allele mate, what do you expect to see among the offspring?

Let Y=yellow and y=green, and R= round and r= wrinkled. You cross YYRR peas with yyrr peas. All of the F1 individuals are yellow and round with a genotype of YyRr. You then perform an F2 cross and get the expected 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. What proportion of the F2 plants are expected to be heterozygous for both traits?

Let R= red pigment and r=no pigment. In carnations, RR offspring make a lot o red pigments, rr offspring make no pigment and Rr offspring make a small amount of red pigment, thus appearing appearing pink. Pink carnations are therefore an example of

A Punnett square is generally used to

As a genetic counselor, you are constructing a human pedigree for a particular disease. You note that every generation shows the trait, suggesting that the trait is

In humans, sickle-cell disease is caused by a single defective allele. If 2 people without sickle-cell disease have a daughter who has this disease, what is the probability that their next child will be a boy with sickle-cell disease?

In rabbits, there is a dominant gene "T" for long ears and its recessive allele "t" for short ears. At another gene locus, there are alleles "B" for black coat and "W" for white coat. Neither allele is dominant and BW produces a gray coat. These two allele pairs assort independently. If a gray rabbit that is heterozygous at the gene locus controlling ear length is mated with a white rabbit that is also heterozygous at the gene locus controlling ear length, what is the probability that there first offspring will be gray with long ears?

In rabbits there is a dominant gene "T" for long ears and its recessive allele "t" for short ears. At another gene locus, there are alleles "B" for black coat and "W" for white coat. Nether allele is dominant and BW produces a gray coat. These two allele pairs assort independently. If a gray rabbit that is heterozygous at the gene locus controlling ear length is mated with a white rabbit that is also heterozygous at the gene locus controlling ear length, what proportion of the long-eared offspring will be homozygous for that trait?