Chapter 12 example #78779

Which is NOT one of the reasons that affect us as to when we will help others?

When faced with potentially dangerous situations where strangers need help,

In the experimental studies of bystander non-intervention, researchers have

The opposite of altruism is

Batson believes that true altruism does exist in feelings of sympathy and compassion for others. Which is NOT an example of genuine altruism?

You are asked to participate in a blood drive. In thinking about doing so, you weigh the costs (e.g., being pricked by a needle) and benefits (e.g., feeling good about yourself) of doing so. This strategy can be predicted by the

Research on the relationship between personality traits and helping behavior revealed that

The motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests defines

Social-exchange is a _______ theory, while social norms is a _______ theory.

Which of the following specifically predicts that we will be more altruistic toward our relatives than toward close friends?

The social responsibility norm refers to the expectation that

Darley and Latané described a sequence of decisions a bystander must make before he or she will intervene in an emergency. Which of the following is NOT one of the specific steps?

Solomon and Solomon (1978) found that bystanders who _______ were more likely to offer aid to a person.

A major weakness of the reward theory is that it

In a study by Latané and Rodin (1969), a female experimenter apparently fell and hurt her ankle. What percentage of participants who were alone offered help?

In an enactment of the Good Samaritan situation, Darley and Batson (1973) studied the helpfulness of Princeton seminarians in order to assess whether helping behavior was influenced by

Hoffman (1981) reported that infants cry more when they hear another infant crying. This is an example of

Who of the following is most likely to respond favorably to an unexpected request for a charitable donation to a local hospital?

Before agreeing to help out at the local homeless shelter, Sharon weighs the costs (e.g., getting up at dawn) and benefits (e.g., feeling good about herself) of doing so. This strategy can be predicted by the

The notion that humans interact in such a way as to minimize costs and maximize rewards to the self is referred to as

According to the text, people in a hurry may be less willing to help because they

Darley and Batson (1973) gave Princeton seminary students time to think about a talk that they were about to have recorded, and then sent them to the recording studio. Participants who had been _______ were most likely to stop and offer aid to a "victim" they encountered en route to the recording studio.

Miller and his colleagues (2001) reported that we are more empathic and helpful toward those who are _______ us.

Both European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews during the Nazi era and civil rights activists of the 1950s reported that

The fact that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called

In observing people's responses to staged emergencies, Darley and Latané (1970) found that _______ greatly decreased intervention.

The free address labels that come with mailings that solicit donations to philanthropic causes likely follow the

Our eagerness to do well after doing something bad reflects our need to

Which of the following factors is likely to increase helping behavior?

According to the social-exchange theory, the rewards that motivate helping are

Myers suggests that there are a number of reasons why individuals who live in big cities tend to be less helpful. Which of the following is NOT one of those reasons?

When looking at ingroup similarity and helping, researchers noted all of the following EXCEPT

Regarding people who are within one's circle of moral concern is called

Latané and Darley (1968) had university students complete questionnaires in a small room, and then had smoke pour into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working _______ tended to notice the smoke in _______.

A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk due to a heart attack. According to Darley and Latané, what is the first thing that must happen before you will help in this emergency?

According to the evolutionary theory, it can be predicted that it is more likely that

Omitting certain people from one's circle of moral concern is called

Pedestrians who are more likely to help another pedestrian pick up a dropped envelope are those who

A person who is intensely self-focused in profound grief would

People who live in _______ are least likely to relay a phone message, mail "lost" letters, cooperate with survey interviewers, do small favors, or help a lost child.

Who among the following psychologists believes that genuine empathy-induced altruism is part of human nature?

According to the text, an attribution of an uncontrollable predicament (such as a family crisis or natural disaster) is likely to encourage _______ to help.

Sociologist Gouldner (1960) contended that the norm of reciprocity

In McMillen and Austin's research (1971), participants who had lied were more likely to

Research on gender and helping norms revealed that _______ offered more help when the persons in need were females, and _______ offered help equally to males and females.

Studies of the effects of mood on helping suggest that adults who feel _______ are more likely than those in a neutral control condition to help.

According to the text, the _______ of altruism propose(s) two types of prosocial behavior: a tit-for-tat reciprocal exchange and a more unconditional, intrinsic helpfulness.

The idea that altruism toward one's close relatives enhances the survival of mutually shared genes is referred to as

After Mr. Walters' neighbor helped him paint his house, Mr. Walters felt obligated to offer to help the neighbor remodel his kitchen. Mr. Walters' sense of obligation most likely resulted from the

Which statement is TRUE?

Which of the following statements is NOT true? As the number of bystanders at an emergency increases, any given bystander is

We tend to help more often when

In helping situations,

According to the text, the social responsibility norm gets selectively applied according to which one of the following principles?

_______ is an emotion evoked by sympathy for another

Research on gender and helping norms revealed that

The notion of egoism maintains that

Batson and his colleagues (1981) had university women watch another woman suffer a series of painful shocks. Some participants were led to feel empathy for her and were then asked if they would trade places, taking her remaining shocks. The results indicated that

According to the evolutionary theory, genetic selfishness predisposes us to help based on

Which of the following techniques should elementary school teachers use if they hope to promote enduring altruistic tendencies in students?

Helping _______ a bad mood and _______ a good mood.

_______ are twice as likely as _______ to seek medical and psychiatric help

Evolutionary psychologists would have greatest difficulty explaining why

According to the text, individuals who identify as _______ in terms of spiritual commitment are most likely to report working volunteer and give to charities.

Which of the following is an effective way to increase helping behavior?

Ian is from England, Dan is from America, and Tam is from India. Which one of these people is most likely to support and act on the norm of social responsibility?

_____ were most closely associated with other forms of civic involvement, like voting, jury service, community projects, and giving to charity.

University students were more willing to make a charity pledge when

The relationship between our degree of self-awareness and our willingness to help is

Few findings have been more consistent than those that show that _______ people are helpful people.

When people need our help, we are most likely to provide assistance if we attribute their need to

Research evidence indicates that prosocial models of helping

Katzev (1978) found that when people were reprimanded at a zoo for feeding unauthorized food to bears, they were _______ to help another person afterwards than if they had not been reprimanded.

There are many ways to increase helping behaviors in people. Which is NOT one of the ways identified in the chapter?

Who of the following is LEAST likely to help an injured pedestrian?

If victims seem to have created their own problems by laziness or lack of foresight, people are less willing to offer help. Helping responses are thus closely tied to

Researchers have found that with door-to-door solicitation, there is more success with requests for contributions when they are

A classmate of Bianca's wants to borrow Bianca's notes to study for an upcoming exam. Research suggests that Bianca will most likely agree if the classmate says she needs the notes because she

Confederates who were dressed either conservatively or in counterculture garb approached either "straight" or "hip" college students and asked for change to make a phone call. Results of this experiment confirmed a _______ bias in helping.

The network of traits that predisposes a person to be helpful are all of the following EXCEPT

Altruism researcher Daniel Batson reported that empathy-induced altruism

According to research cited in the text, which of the following is the correct order?

Since we are born selfish, evolutionary psychologists such as Richard Dawkins propose that we attempt to

People are more likely to help another person if

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in Darley and Latané's decision tree?

Which one of the following is NOT one of the ways that Myers suggests increase social altruism?

You trip over a fallen branch and sprain your ankle. According to research on the bystander effect, a stranger who sees your plight will be most likely to offer aid if there are _______ others present.

What principle or concept suggests that rewarding people for their helpfulness may, in the long run, undermine their self-motivated altruism?

Keisha is stopped on the street by a panhandler. She is most likely to give money if

Latané and Darley attempted to explain people's failure to intervene in cases like that of Kitty Genovese, a woman who was violently attacked, in terms of

DeBruine (2002) found that when students played an interactive game with a supposed other player, participants were _______ when the other person's pictured face had some features of their own face morphed into it.

Altruism is to _______ as egoism is to _______.

Evolutionary psychology contends that the essence of life is