Chapter 11 - Review Questions

4 September 2022
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question
Which combination of kinetic energy (KE) and intermolecular forces (IF) results in formation of a solid? a) KE much less than IF b) KE much greater than IF c) KE and IF comparable, and very large d) KE and IF comparable, and very small
answer
a) KE much less than IF
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Which force below increases in strength as the molecular weight of the compound increases? a) Hydrogen bonding b) Ion-dipole forces c) Dipole-dipole forces d) London dispersion forces
answer
d) London dispersion forces
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Which compound below is not capable of forming hydrogen bonds? a) CH4 b) NH3 c) H2O d) HF
answer
a) CH4
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Which property is not affected by intermolecular forces? a) boiling point b) color c) melting point d) viscosity
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b) color
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The ease of changing the charge distribution in a molecule is called its _____.
answer
polarizability
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Which compound below has the highest boiling point? a) H2O b) H2S c)H2Se d) H2Te
answer
a) H2O
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Which element below has the highest boiling point? a) Kr b) F2 c) Cl2 d) Br2
answer
d) Br2
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Which substance below has a greater density in its liquid state than in its solid state? a) iron b) glass c) water d) carbon dioxide
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c) water
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The resistance of a liquid to flow is called the _______ of the liquid.
answer
viscosity
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The energy required to convert a liquid to a vapor is called the _______ of the liquid.
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heat of vaporization
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Isopropyl alcohol feels cool on the skin because it has an (X) heat of (Y). a) X = exothermic, Y = vaporization b) X = endothermic, Y = vaporization c) X = exothermic, Y = fusion d) X = endothermic, Y = fusion
answer
b) X = endothermic, Y = vaporization
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When heat is added to ice at zero degrees Celsius, what will happen? a) The temperature will increase. b) The temperature will decrease. c) The temperature will not change. d) A supercritical fluid will form.
answer
c) The temperature will not change.
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The highest temperature at which a substance can exist in its liquid state is called its _______ point.
answer
critical
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The temperature and pressure at which all three phases exist simultaneously is called the _______ point of a substance.
answer
triple
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At high altitudes, the boiling point of water is _____. a) 100 degrees Celsius. b) greater than 100 degrees Celsius. c) less than 100 degrees Celsius. d) equal to its freezing point.
answer
c) less than 100 degrees Celsius.
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Which quantity is not used in calculating the total energy involved in converting 50 g of ice at 0°C to water at 95°C? a) the mass of the sample b) the heat of fusion of ice c) the heat capacity of liquid water d) the heat of vaporization of water
answer
d) the heat of vaporization of water
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The substance that would evaporate most easily is one with _____ intermolecular forces and a _____molar mass. a) weak; large b) weak; small c) strong; large d) strong; small
answer
b) weak; small
question
In liquids, the attractive intermolecular forces are ________. a) strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together b) strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together but not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other c) very weak compared with kinetic energies of the molecules d) strong enough to keep the molecules confined to vibrating about their fixed lattice points e) not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other
answer
b) strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together but not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other
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Which statement is true about liquids but not true about solids? a) They flow and are highly ordered. b) They flow and are virtually incompressible. c) They assume both the volume and the shape of their containers. d) They are highly ordered and virtually incompressible. e) They flow and are compressible.
answer
b) They flow and are virtually incompressible.
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The strongest interparticle attractions exist between particles of a ________, and the weakest interparticle attractions exist between particles of a ________.
answer
solid, gas
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Identify the correct conditions for forming a hydrogen bond. a) A hydrogen bond is equivalent to a covalent bond. b) A hydrogen bond is possible with only certain hydrogen-containing compounds. c) The CH4 molecule exhibits hydrogen bonding. d) Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to an N, O, or F atom. e) A hydrogen atom acquires a partial positive charge when it is covalently bonded to an F atom.
answer
b) A hydrogen bond is possible with only certain hydrogen-containing compounds. d) Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to an N, O, or F atom. e) A hydrogen atom acquires a partial positive charge when it is covalently bonded to an F atom.
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With what compound will NH3 experience only dispersion intermolecular forces? a) SiO2 b) C2H5OH c) CH3Br d) NaCl e) HOF
answer
a) SiO2
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With what compound will NH3 experience only ion-dipole intermolecular forces? a) NaOH b) CH3Cl c) CH3OH d) H2O e) SiO2
answer
a) NaOH
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Which one of the following exhibits dipole-dipole attraction between molecules? a) BH3 b) CH4 c) H2O d) SiS2 e) N2
answer
c) H2O
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Which one of the following should have the lowest boiling point? a) H2S b) C4H9OH c) SnF3 d) HCl e) CF4
answer
e) CF4
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________ are particularly polarizable.
answer
Large molecules, regardless of their polarity,
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What is the predominant intermolecular force in H2O? a) ion-dipole attraction b) dipole-dipole attraction c) hydrogen bonding d) London-dispersion forces e) ionic bonding
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c) hydrogen bonding
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What is the predominant intermolecular force in CH4? a) London-dispersion forces b) dipole-dipole attraction c) ionic bonding d) hydrogen bonding e) ion-dipole attraction
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a) London-dispersion forces
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Hydrogen bonding is a special case of ________.
answer
dipole-dipole attractions
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Which of the following substances is most likely to be a liquid at room temperature? a) hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 b) formaldehyde, H2CO c) hydrogen sulfide, H2S d) hydrogen cyanide, HCN e) fluoromethane, CH3F
answer
a) hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 A low-molecular-weight substance that is liquid at room temperature would form hydrogen bonds. So, hydrogen peroxide is most likely to be a liquid at room temperature because it has O−H bonds.
question
A glass capillary is placed in a bowl of water. Into what type of capillary will the water rise to the highest level, measured vertically from the surface of the water? a) a 1-mm wide capillary inserted vertically into the water b) a 1.5-mm capillary inserted at 45 degrees into the water c) a 1.5-mm capillary inserted vertically into the water d) a 2-mm capillary inserted at 30 degrees into the water
answer
a) a 1-mm wide capillary inserted vertically into the water
question
Viscosity is ________.
answer
the resistance to flow
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Of the following, ________ is the most volatile. a) CH3Br b) CH2Br2 c) CH4 d) CHBr3 e) CBr4
answer
c) CH4
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In general, the vapor pressure of a substance increases as ________ increases.
answer
temperature
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As the temperature increases, does the rate of molecules escaping into the gas phase increase or decrease?
answer
The rate of molecules escaping into the gas phase increases.
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Which of the following affects the vapor pressure of a liquid? a) volume of the liquid b) temperature c) intermolecular attractive forces d) surface area
answer
b) temperature c) intermolecular attractive forces
question
In the mountains, water in an open container will boil when, _____.
answer
its vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure