Which of the following is a true statement regarding species richness?
answer
Species richness typically increases as one moves towards the equator.
question
Biological diversity can be applied at _____ level(s) of biological organization.
answer
all (diversity of species, their genes, their populations, their communities, and their ecosystems)
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Which of the following is NOT a reason we are still ignorant of the number of species that exist?
answer
scientific methods are not able to correctly categorize or count many specialized species
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Which statement about biodiversity is true?
answer
Biodiversity can be measured at different levels including genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
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Global biodiversity exists in a number of patterns. The largest and most obvious of these is that biodiversity is _____.
answer
greatest at the equator and drops as you move farther north or south
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Which group of organisms is the most important in terms of contributing the most species to global biodiversity?
answer
insects
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Which of the following populations would have the best chance of coping with environmental changes and persisting?
answer
a population of humans originally from countries all over the world
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Why can many different species coexist and thrive in areas close to the equator?
answer
Equatorial climatic conditions discourage any one species from dominating the ecosystem and encourage biodiversity.
question
Which of the following can increase species richness globally?
answer
speciation
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The term we use when a population disappears from a given area, but not globally, is __________.
answer
extirpation
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During the _____ period, close to 90% of all species are thought to have gone extinct.
answer
Permian
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The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment calculated the current rate of extinction to be _____.
answer
100 to 1,000 times greater than the background rate
question
If a conservation biologist wanted to try to stop the largest cause of species extinction, what should he or she focus on?
answer
habitat alteration
question
The sixth mass extinction event _____.
answer
is ongoing and has been caused by human disturbance
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How have humans influenced the rate of extinction?
answer
The current rate of extinction is between 100 and 1,000 times higher than the historical background rate.
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Which of the following is an example of the single greatest cause of species extinction?
answer
habitat fragmentation caused by building a road through a forest
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When a species declines in number, it also _____.
answer
occupies less area than it once did
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According to the text, which of the following types of species would be most vulnerable to hunting by people?
answer
whales
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All of the following are ways that humans reduce biodiversity in ecosystems except _____.
answer
captive breeding programs
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When an ecosystem provides a benefit to humans free of charge, it is called __________.
answer
ecosystem services
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We get 90% of our food from __________ crops and __________ livestock species.
answer
15; 8
question
The development of pharmaceutical products has been _____.
answer
aided by protection of ecosystem diversity
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Which of the following statements about the importance of organisms in an ecosystem is true?
answer
"Ecosystem engineers" can be as important as keystone species for the survival of the ecosystem.
question
Pharmaceuticals produced from wild species produce up to $150 billion in sales and save many lives each year. This is an example of _____.
answer
ecosystem services
question
Maria loves to be outdoors. She hikes every day in the woods, near the home that she shares with five pets and that is surrounded by mountains. Edward O. Wilson would argue that this is evidence of __________.
answer
biophilia
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The main legislation for protecting biodiversity in the United States is the _____.
answer
Endangered Species Act
question
In captive breeding programs, organisms are bred with the intent to _____.
answer
release them to the wild
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The Endangered Species Act is often a center of controversy because _____.
answer
landowners are concerned that federal officials will restrict the use of private land if threatened or endangered species are found on it
question
A biodiversity "hotspot" is _____.
answer
a region where species diversity is high, but threatened by habitat loss.
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Conservation biology is different from other fields of science discussed in the book because _______.
answer
it is an applied and goal-oriented science, with implicit values and ethical standards
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CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) tries to prevent the extinction of species by _____.
answer
asking countries to stop the importation of organisms or parts of organisms (like tiger bones) if they are endangered species
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How is community-based conservation different from more traditional approaches to conservation?
answer
In community-based conservation, local people are involved with protecting the habitat, allowing them to still gain benefit from its resources.
question
An umbrella species is best defined as _____.
answer
a species that, if protected, will result in the protection of a large number of species that require the same habitat
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Which of the following statements about cloning organisms is true?
answer
Producing cloned animals and keeping them in zoos does not increase biodiversity of the species.
question
Which of the following methods for conserving biodiversity preserves whole natural systems, as well as species?
answer
parks and protected areas
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