Chapter 10: Respiration And Artificial Ventailation (Post Test)

25 July 2022
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question
When there are two rescuers dedicated to the airway, the MOST appropriate device to use on a nonbreathing patient would be: A. A bag-mask device. B. CPAP C. A partial-rebreather mask. D. A nonrebreather mask.
answer
A. A bag-mask device.
question
Which of the following findings is MOST indicative of inadequate breathing and the need for artificial ventilation? A. Abnormal breath sounds. B. Flushed skin. C. Clear bilateral lung sounds. D. Pulse oximetry of 99%.
answer
A. Abnormal breath sounds. Although abnormal breath sounds may be present even in patients with adequate breathing who are in respiratory distress, they are more typically a sign of inadequate breathing. The other findings are indicative of adequate breathing.
question
A constant flow selector valve type of low-pressure flowmeter. A. Has no gauge. B. Is not adjustable. C. May only be used with M or larger cylinders. D. May only be used when upright.
answer
A. Has no gauge. And allows for the adjustment of flow in liters per minute in stepped increments (2, 4, 6, 8, and up to 15 liters per minute). Used iwht nasal cannula or nonrebreather mask and with any size oxygen cylinder. Rugged and will work at any angle.
question
What is the purpose of a pressure regulator on an oxygen tank? A. It will monitor the patients's oxygen saturation status. B. It provides a safe working pressure of oxygen administration. C. It eliminates the risk of combustion during oxygen administration. D. It will increase the oxygen pressure the patient will receive.
answer
B. It provides a safe working pressure of oxygen administration. Oxygen tank has too much pressure for a patient. The regulator reduces the tank pressure to safe levels for oxygen administration.
question
What distinguishes cellular from pulmonary respiration is: A. The speed of diffusion. B. The gases that are exchanged. C. The amount of gas exchange. D. Where diffusion takes place.
answer
D. Where diffusion takes place. Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide that takes place between the alveoli and circulating blood is pulmonary respiration; Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide that takes place between the cells and circulating blood is cellular respiration.
question
Indications that an adult patient is being adequately ventilated include: A. Visible chest rise. B. Ventilations provided once every 12 seconds. C. An increase in the patient's heart rate. D. Capillary refill greater than 3 seconds.
answer
A. Visible chest rise. Key indicator of effective ventilations.
question
To which of the following patients should you NOT administer supplemental oxygen? A. A patient with inadequate breathing and pulse ox of 88 percent. B. A patient with adequate breathing and a pulse ox of 96 percent. C. A nonbreathing patient. D. A bleeding patient with inadequate breathing and a pulse ox of 93 percent.
answer
B. A patient with adequate breathing and pulse ox of 96 percent. Provide supplemental oxygen to the breathing patient who shows signs of hypoxia or distress. A patient breathing inadequately or not at all would receive ventilation.
question
Your patient has an altered mental status and is breathing 60 times per minute. You should: A. Apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreather mask. B. Coach the patient to slow his breathing. C. Provide assisted ventilations at a rate of 60 per minute. D. Provide assisted ventilations at 10 to 12 breaths per minute.
answer
D. Provide assisted ventilations at 10 to 12 breaths per minute. When assisting ventilations with a patient spontaneously breathing, make every attempt to synchronize your PPV with the patient's inhalation. However, if the patient is breathing fast, attempt ventilation every other or every third breath at first.
question
To inflate the reservoir bag of a nonrebreather mask, use your finger to cover the: A. Pressure regulator. B. Flowmeter. C. Exhaust port. D. Intake valve.
answer
C. Exhaust port. Exhaust port or the connection between the mask and the reservoir.
question
The function of the respiratory system in the respiratory process is to: A. Regulate cardiac output and blood flow. B. Move air in and out of the alveoli. C. Transport adequate amounts of blood between the cells and the alveoli. D. Dilate and constrict the blood vessels.
answer
B. Move air in and out of the alveoli.
question
Forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing is called: A. Artificial ventilation. B. Pulmonary respiration. C. Alveolar ventilation. D. Respiratory distress.
answer
A. Artificial ventilation. Or positive pressure ventilation.
question
The patient whose breathing is adequate will have: A. An irregular rhythm. B. Breath sounds that are clear and equal bilaterally. C. "See-saw" breathing. D. A respiratory rate of 8 to 10 per minute.
answer
B. Breath sounds that are clear and equal bilaterally. Regardless of your interpretation of the patient's chest wall movement, the respiratory rate, and the rhythm, if there are no breath sounds in the bases of the lungs (i.e., alveolar ventilation), the patient is breathing inadequately.
question
Cyanosis is a visible sign of: A. Tachypnea. B. Hypoxia. C. Bradycardia D. Shock.
answer
B. Hypoxia.
question
How can a faster than normal breathing rate decrease tidal​ volume? A. By increasing the amount of time the lungs have to fill. B. By tiring out the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. C. By causing a release of histamine, which causes bronchoconstriction. D. By limiting the amount of time the lungs have to fill.
answer
D. By limiting the amount of time the lungs have to fill.
question
What is the greatest hazard of using a humidifier in delivering oxygen to a patient? A. Oversaturation. B. Soft tissue edema. C. Infection. D. Exacerbation of COPD.
answer
C. Infection.
question
How do you know that the ventilations you are providing are effective? A. The patient breathes quickly. B. The patient's airway is clear. C. The patient's chest rises and falls with ventilations. D. The patient breathes slowly.
answer
C. The patient's chest rises and falls with ventilations. The patient's airway should be clear before you begin ventilations.
question
If there was damage to the patient's alveoli, you would expect the patient to experience: A. A severe headache or double vision. B. An increase in urinary output. C. A Drop in heart rate. D. Difficulty in breathing.
answer
D. Difficulty in breathing. Damage or disease to the alveoli, the patient would likely have trouble oxygenating the blood and eliminating carbon dioxide, which would eventually lead to respiratory distress.
question
A permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes is a: A. Stoma B. Colostomy. C. Cricothyrotomy. D. Cricoid ring.
answer
A. Stoma Is a surgical opening into the neck and trachea through which the patient breathes.
question
Your patient has a tidal volume of 2 to 4 ml/kg. This would be considered: A. Normal. B. Too high. C. Too low. D. Ideal
answer
C. Too low. Normal tidal volume is 5 to 7 ml per kilogram of body weight.
question
What is the active part of breathing? A. Apnea. B. Dyspnea. C. Inhalation. D. Exhalation
answer
C. Inhalation Exhalation is a passive process
question
Around oxygen equipment in use, smoking: A. May be allowed once a seal is formed. B. May be allowed if upwind. C. May be allowed if downwind. D. May never be allowed.
answer
D. May never be allowed.
question
How should you position the head of a patient with a stoma during BVM ventilations? A. Turn the head to the side. B. Leave the head in a neutral position. C. Hyperflex the head backward. D. Hyperextend the head forward.
answer
B. Leave the head in a neutral position. Unnecessary the position the airway of the patient with a stoma.
question
While administering single-rescuer CPR, what device is preferable to deliver supplemental oxygen? A. Venturi mask. B. Bag-valve mask. C. Pocket face mask. D. Rebreather mask
answer
C. Pocket face mask.
question
Assuming no change in tidal volume, what is the effects on minute volume if a patient who was breathing 16 times per minute suddenly slows his rate to 8 times per minute? A. The minute volume is increased. B. The minute volume is reduced. C. There is no effect on the minute volume. D. The minute volume is eliminated.
answer
B. The minute volume is reduced. A reduction in respiratory rate without an increased in tidal volume would cause the minute volume to decrease.
question
Which of the following patients is at risk for hypoxia? A. A patient has diabetes. B. A patient has emphysema. C. A patient has hypertension. D. A patient has bulimia.
answer
B. A patient has emphysema. This disease decreases the efficiency of the transfer of oxygen between the atmosphere and body. The lungs cannot function properly, hypoxia develops.
question
You might consider a CPAP device for a patient​ with: A. Adequate, but not inadequate, breathing. B. Respiratory arrest. C. Respiratory distress or failure. D. Only mild respiratory distress.
answer
C. Respiratory distress or failure. Continuous positive airway pressure.
question
Which of the following is a sign of inadequate breathing? A. Absence of blue or gray skin coloration. B. Breathing limited to abdominal movement. C. Air moving out of the nose and mouth. D. Equal expansion of both sides of the chest.
answer
B. Breathing limited to abdominal movement.
question
What is the maximum flow rate that you would administer by nasal cannula? A. 10 lpm B. 21 lpm C. 4 lpm D. 6 lpm
answer
D. 6 lpm Flows above 6 litter per minute can dry and break down the nasal mucous membranes. For flows above 6 lpm, and alternative delivery device is indicated.
question
You are ventilating a patient at the proper rate with a manually triggered ventilator. Why is it important to watch the patient's chest closely? A. Because the chest rise and fall indicates the adequacy of ventilations. B. To decide whether the patient will need a greater oxygen concentration. C. To be sure that there is plenty of volume going into the lungs. D. Because the chest should be hyperinflated with each breath.
answer
A. Because the chest rise and fall indicates the adequacy of ventilations. Ventilate only until you see the chest rise and not to overventilate. Overventilation can cause high pressure in the airway, gastric distention, and regurgitation.
question
Which of the following complications related to bag-valve-mask ventilation is MOST likely? A. Providing ventilations too slowly. B. Rupture of the bag during ventilation. C. Hyperventilation. D. Damage to the trachea.
answer
C. Hyperventilation.
question
Your patient is apneic and has a stoma. How should you ventilate this patient? A. Place a pediatric NRB over the stoma, and apply oxygen at 15 lpm. B. Place a pediatric mask on the adult BVM, place the mask over the stoma, and ventilate. C. Perform a surgical cricothyrotomy above the stoma site, insert an appropriately sized and lubricated endotracheal tube. and ventilate. D. Gently insert and appropriately sized and lubricated endotracheal tube in the stoma, inflate the cuff, and begin ventilations.
answer
B. Place a pediatric mask on the adult BVM, place the mask over the stoma, and ventilate. You can give the correct tidal volume yet have a mask that will accommodate the smaller opening in the neck. Although placing a small ET tube into the stoma site can be sone, it is a skill for the Paramedic, as is doing a surgical cricothyrotomy.
question
Which of the following patients is at risk for failure of the cardiopulmonary system? A. A patient who was stabbed in the hand. B. A patient with a cut on the bottom of a foot. C. A patient who was poked in the rib. D. A patient who was shot in the chest.
answer
D. A patient who was shot in the chest. Gun shot to the chest can damage the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, all of which can put a patient at risk for failure of the cardiopulmonary system.
question
In what structures does the oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange take place before the carbon dioxide is exhaled into the environment? A. Alveoli. B. Intercostal muscles. C. Bronchioles. D. Bronchi.
answer
A. Alveoli After gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, the carbon dioxide is loaded into the alveoli, where it is then exhaled; with the next inhalation, fresh air with a higher oxygen content is breathed in.
question
What is necessary for oxygen to diffuse from the alveoli to the bloodstream? A. Secretions. B. Nitrogen. C. Glucose. D. Perfusion.
answer
D. Perfusion. Adequate ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion are necessary for oxygen to effectively diffuse from the alveoli to the bloodstream.
question
What percentage of oxygen does a partial rebreather mask deliver? A. 80 percent to 100 percent. B. 40 percent to 60 percent. C. 20 percent to 40 percent. D. 60 percent to 80 percent.
answer
B. 40 percent to 60 percent.
question
Alveolar ventilation relies primarily on: A. Tidal volume. B. Patient size. C. Temperature. D. Heart rate.
answer
A. Tidal volume
question
You are ventilating a patient manually. Which of the following changes is a negative side effect of positive pressure ventilation? A. A drop in the oxygen saturation reading. B. A decrease in the blood pressure. C. A drop in heard rate. D. Gradual dilation of the pupils.
answer
B. A decrease in the blood pressure. During PPV, the thorax pressure becomes positive during the inhalation phase as air is forced into the lungs. The loss of negative pressure can decrease preload, which in turn reduces cardiac output, blood pressure, and perfusion.
question
Which of the following patients is at risk for failure of the cardiopulmonary system? A. A patient who was trapped in an enclosed area during a fire. B. A patient who was choking but has expelled the object. C. A patient who was golfing on a summer day in June. D. A patient who has had a tongue piercing.
answer
A. A patient who was trapped in an enclosed area during a fire. Gas exchange can be interrupted in circumstances such as when there are low oxygen levels in the outside air, which can occur in confined space rescue situations.
question
Which patient should DEFINITELY be administered supplemental oxygen? A. A patient in mind respiratory distress. B. A patient in respiratory failure. C. A patient in severe respiratory distress. D. A patient in respiratory arrest.
answer
B. A patient in respiratory failure. Patient in mild respiratory distress would be administered supplemental oxygen. Patient in severe respiratory distress might require assisted ventilations because respiratory failure is imminent, and a patient in respiratory failure or arrest would require assisted ventilations.
question
Always open the valve of an oxygen cylinder fully then close it by how much to prevent someone else from thinking the valve is closed and trying to force it​ open? A. A full turn. B. Half a turn. C. A quarter turn. D. A three-quarter turn.
answer
B. Half a turn.
question
If an oxygen humidifier is going to be used in the ambulance for a long trip, the EMT should: A. Use fresh water in a clean reservoir. B. Partially fill the reusable bottle with Betadine. C. Completely fill the bottle with sterile saline. D. Completely fill the bottle with rubbing alcohol.
answer
A. Use fresh water in a clean reservoir. The humidifier can easily provide a breeding ground for pathogens. Always use fresh water and a clean reservoir, preferably a sterile, single-patient use humidifier.
question
What is the device that is designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental oxygen? A. Pediatric nonrebreather mask. B. Partial-rebreather mask. C. Venturi mask. D. Tracheostomy mask.
answer
D. Tracheostomy mask. Designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide oxygen.