Chapter 1 A&P

Directly causes mechanical motion.

Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses.

Provides support and levers for muscles to work on.

Protects underlying organs from mechanical damage and synthesizes vitamin D.

Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones.

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.

Produces antibodies that neutralize foreign substances.

Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues.

Bloode glucose levels, blood pressure

Blood Clotting, delivering a baby

Which organ system: Arteries, veins, heart.

Which organ system: Trachea, bronchi, alveoli.

Which organ system: Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary.

Which organ system: Esophagus, large intestine, rectum.

Which organ system: Kidneys, bladder, ureters.

Which cavity: stomach

Which cavity: Heart

Which cavity: Uterus

Which cavity: brain

Which cavity: lungs

Knee (anterior aspect)

Arm

Head

Buttock

Chest

The bridge of the nose is ________ to the left eye.

The upper arm is ________ to the forearm.

The heart is ________ to the stomach.

The fingers are ________ to the wrist.

The stomach is ________ to the spine.

T/F The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum.

T/F Lungs carry out an excretory function.

T/F Regardless of the variable being regulated, all homeostatic control mechanisms have at least three interdependent components

The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say it is __________ anatomy.

An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________. A) maintaining boundaries B) excretion of metabolic waste C) responsiveness D) metabolism

Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade.

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________. A) control center B) receptor C) effector D) variable

6) What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback? A) to control all body system tissues B) to maintain homeostasis C) to keep the body's sugar high D) to regulate excretion

7) What is the specific name for the hip region? A) manus B) inguinal C) pedal D) coxal

An oblique cut is one that is cut ________. A) horizontal right and left B) diagonally between the vertical and horizontal C) vertical right and left D) perpendicular to vertical and horizontal

9) The heart lies in the ________ cavity. A) superior mediastinal B) pleural C) dorsal D) pericardial

10) The cavities housing the eyes are called __________ cavities. A) frontal B) cranial C) nasal D) orbital

11) A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be a(n) ________. A) complex tissue B) organ system C) organ D) complex cell

12) ________ cavities are spaces within joints. A) Nasal B) Synovial C) Orbital D) Oral

Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life? A) movement B) responsiveness to external stimuli C) maintenance of boundaries D) decay

Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind? A) anterior B) lateral C) distal D) dorsal

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________. A) oxygen B) protein C) water D) hydrogen

What is the posterior side of the patella called? A) sural B) crural C) antecubital D) popliteal

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? A) Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host. B) Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus. C) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. D) Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.

20) Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? A) a transverse cut just above the knees B) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves C) any sagittal plane except the median D) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior

21) Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? A) appendix B) stomach C) liver D) intestines

22) The parietal pleural would represent a serous membrane ________. A) covering individual lungs B) lining the thoracic cavity C) covering the heart D) lining the abdominal cavity

23) Which one of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli? A) muscular B) lymphatic C) immune D) nervous

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. A) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye. B) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye. C) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. D) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________. A) the lowest possible energy usage B) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits C) a static state with no deviation from preset points D) a dynamic state within an unlimited range

In which cavities are the lungs located? A) pleural, ventral, and thoracic B) mediastinum, thoracic, and ventral C) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal D) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. A) Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures. B) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a potential space between the two. C) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart. D) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organ A) 1-2-3-4-5 B) 2-1-4-3-5 C) 2-1-3-4-5 D) 1-2-4-3-5

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? A) X ray B) DSA C) PET D) MRI

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity? A) cranial cavity B) thoracic cavity C) spinal cord D) vertebral cavity

In which abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located? A) right upper B) right lower C) left upper D) left lower

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? A) It is considered the cause of most diseases. B) The internal environment is becoming more stable. C) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. D) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.

Subdivisions of anatomy include which of the following? A) gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic B) gross, regional, dissection, and surface C) regional, surface, visual, and microscopic D) gross, regional, systemic, and surface

The term pollex refers to the ________. A) great toe B) calf C) fingers D) thumb

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following? A) intestines B) brain C) lungs D) liver

Select the most correct statement. A) The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system. B) Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life. C) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system. D) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.

One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to ________. A) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system B) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them C) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger D) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce

Which of the following are survival needs of the body? A) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction B) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction C) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement D) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

The anatomical position is used ________. A) rarely, because people don't usually assume this position B) as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body C) only when a body is lying down D) as the most comfortable way to stand when dissecting a specimen

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called? A) frontal B) regional C) sagittal D) transverse

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called? A) frontal B) median C) sagittal D) transverse

Which body cavity protects the nervous system? A) cranial B) dorsal C) vertebral D) thoracic

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? A) systemic anatomy B) cardiovascular anatomy C) systemic physiology D) cardiovascular physiology

Similar cells that have a common function are called ________.

What does the "principle of complementarity of structures and function" mean?

Back of the elbow

The heel region

The ________ cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of hearing in the inner ear.

________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems.

Which cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum?

What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called?

________ physiology concerns urine production and kidney function.

What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells?

What is the function of the serous membranes?

What does gross anatomy study?

The five cavities of the head are cranial, oral, nasal, middle ear, and ________.

The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called ________.

What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body?

Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be continued at life-sustaining rates?

What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway called?