Chapt 9

1. A monoaxial joint, like the elbow, is capable of which one of the following movements? a. Rotation b. Flexion and extension c. Circumduction d. Supination and pronation e. Abduction

2. The union of the proximal and middle phalanges form __________ joints. a. hinge b. pivot c. condylar (ellipsoid) d. plane (gliding) e. saddle

3. Which of the following is not an anatomical component of a synovial joint? a. Articular cartilage b. The synovial membrane c. The fibrous capsule d. The interosseous membrane e. The joint cavity

4. The joint between the diaphyses of the radius and ulna is a __________. a. gomphosis b. syndesmosis c. suture d. synchondrosis e. symphysis

5. The jaw joint is the articulation of the __________ and the __________. a. mandible; maxilla b. mandible; temporal bone c. mandible; sphenoid bone d. mandible; zygomatic bone e. maxilla; zygomatic

6. Showing your palm to someone who is in front of you, as if to tell them "Stop," requires __________. a. hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints b. hyperextension of the wrist c. flexion of the wrist d. abduction of the wrist e. dorsiflexion of the hand

7. When you hold out your hands with the palms up, __________ your wrists will tip your palms toward you. a. circumducting b. flexing c. rotating d. abducting e. hyperextending

8. Raising an arm to one side of the body to stop a taxi, is an example of __________ of the shoulder. a. rotation b. circumduction c. adduction d. protraction e. abduction

9. While standing, looking up at the stars requires __________. a. elevation of the mandible b. hyperextension of the neck c. extension of the neck d. dorsiflexion of the neck e. abduction of the neck

10. The least movable joints are _____________ joints. a. synostosis b. symphysis c. syndesmosis d. synchondrosis e. gomphosis

11. The joint between the first costal cartilage and the sternum, is a __________, whereas the other costal cartilages are joined to the sternum by __________ joints. a. symphysis; cartilaginous b. synarthrosis; cartilaginous c. syndesmosis; synovial d. synostosis; cartilaginous e. synchondrosis; synovial

12. The metacarpophalangeal joints at the base of the fingers are ___________ joints. a. hinge b. pivot c. ball-and-socket d. plane (gliding) e. condylar

13. Which of the following structures prevents knee hyperextension? a. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) b. The medial meniscus c. The fibular (lateral) collateral ligament d. The lateral meniscus e. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

14. Which of the following is not a factor that determines the range of motion of a joint? a. The strength of the ligaments b. The action of the muscles associated with the joint c. The stiffness of the ligaments d. The length of the bone e. The shapes of the bone surfaces

15. The rotator cuff tendons enclose the shoulder joint on all sides except _______________, which partly explains the nature of most shoulder dislocations. a. superiorly b. medially c. posteriorly d. inferiorly e. anteriorly

16. Which of the following is a first-class lever? a. Any metacarpophalangeal joint b. The humeroulnar joint c. The talocrural joint d. The atlanto-occipital joint e. The knee joint

17. One example of a multiaxial joint is the __________ joint. a. proximal radioulnar b. humeroscapular c. metatarsophalangeal d. humeroulnar e. atlantoaxial

18. The fibrocartilage pad between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia is called the __________. a. medial meniscus b. lateral meniscus c. posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) d. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) e. infrapatellar bursa

19. Radial (lateral) and ulnar (medial) collateral ligaments restrict side-to-side movements of the __________ joint. a. wrist b. hip c. elbow d. knee e. shoulder

20. Suppose you cup your hands to hold some water. To limit the amount of leaking through your hands, this action would most likely require __________. a. opposition of the thumb b. circumduction of the wrists c. pronation of the forearm d. adduction of the fingers e. abduction of the fingers

21. Raising your hand and placing it on the shoulder of a person standing in front of you, requires __________ of the shoulder. a. extension b. elevation c. abduction d. adduction e. flexion

22. Which of the following is not a major joint category? a. Elastic b. Bony c. Synovial d. Fibrous e. Cartilaginous

23. What do sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses have in common? a. These are joints found only in the axial skeleton. b. These are all fibrous joints. c. These are joints found only in the appendicular skeleton. d. These are cartilaginous joints. e. These are all bony joints.

24. The temporomandibular joint is a(n) __________ joint. a. cartilaginous b. osseous c. bony d. synovial e. fibrous

25. The __________ is not part of the tibiofemoral joint. a. lateral meniscus b. fibular (lateral) collateral ligament c. posterior tibiofibular ligament d. tibial (medial) collateral ligament e. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

26. The __________ is not found in the elbow. a. humeroradial joint b. humeroulnar joint c. proximal radioulnar joint d. distal radioulnar joint e. anular ligament

27. If you stand on tiptoes to reach something high, you are performing __________ at the ankle. a. opposition b. eversion c. plantar flexion d. abduction e. dorsiflexion

28. The epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone in a child are bound by a __________. a. synchondrosis b. lap suture c. plane suture d. symphysis e. serrate suture

29. To tip the soles of the feet medially, so they face each other, requires __________. Tipping them out laterally so they face away from each other is __________. a. medial excursion; lateral excursion b. opposition; reposition c. retraction; protraction d. dorsiflexion; plantar flexion e. inversion; eversion

30. The most movable joints are ___________ joints. a. synchondrosis b. synovial c. symphysis d. gomphosis e. syndesmosis

31. The joint between the L2 and L3 vertebrae is a __________. a. synostosis b. symphysis c. synchondrosis d. gomphosis e. syndesmosis

32. A(n) __________ is a sac of fluid associated with a synovial joint. a. articular sac b. bursa c. meniscus d. synovial vesicle e. articular cavity

33. The __________ bursa is not an accessory structure of the glenohumeral joint. a. subscapular b. subdeltoid c. subpatellar d. subcoracoid e. subacromial

34. When doing a pushup, your shoulders __________ as your body is pushed upward. a. supinate b. elevate c. retract d. hyperextend e. protract

35. Which of the following is true regarding joints that are first-class levers? a. Their mechanical advantage may be either greater or less than 1.0. b. Their resistance is between the joint (fulcrum) and the distal end of the bone (effort). c. Their output force is always greater than the input force. d. Their mechanical advantage is always less than 1.0. e. The joint (fulcrum) is at the opposite end from the tendinous attachment (effort).

36. The smooth, connective tissue lining that covers the opposing bony surfaces of a synovial joint is called __________. a. a ligament b. the joint cavity c. articular cartilage d. a synovial membrane e. the fibrous capsule

37. The talocrural joint is formed by the union of the __________, the _________, and the _________. a. tibia; calcaneus; talus b. femur; tibia; patella c. femur; calcaneus; talus d. tibia; fibula; calcaneus e. tibia; fibula; talus

38. The ligament that attaches the lateral femoral epicondyle to the fibula is called the __________. a. patellar ligament b. posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) c. fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL) d. tibial (medial) collateral ligament (MCL) e. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

39. With the elbow and wrist extended, painting a circle on a canvas requires __________ of the shoulder. a. flexion b. rotation c. elevation d. circumduction e. extension

40. Which of the following structures is not found in the shoulder? a. The glenohumeral ligament b. The transverse humeral ligament c. The radioulnar ligament d. The rotator cuff e. The coracohumeral ligament

41. When you walk up the stairs, your hip and knee joints __________ to lift your body weight. a. extend b. adduct c. rotate d. flex e. abduct

42. Unlike other joints, a __________ does not join two bones to one another. a. syndesmosis b. bony joint c. suture d. cartilaginous joint e. gomphosis

43. The study of joint structure, function, and dysfunction is called __________. a. osteology b. biomechanics c. kinesiology d. arthrology e. synostology

44. Some joints become synostoses by replacing __________ with __________. a. fibers; cartilage b. cartilage; fibers c. bone; fibers d. fibers; bone e. bone; cartilage

45. Coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid are examples of __________. a. plane sutures b. gomphoses c. serrate sutures d. syndesmoses e. lap sutures

46. The joint between the left and right parietal bones is called the __________. a. cranial joint b. sagittal suture c. coronal suture d. parietal joint e. lambdoid suture

47. Which of the following is the most stable joint? a. Tibiofemoral joint b. Glenohumeral joint c. Coxal joint d. Humeroradial joint e. Humeroulnar joint

48. Which of the following is the largest and most complex diarthrosis in the body? a. The knee b. The wrist c. The hip d. The shoulder e. The elbow

49. The _________ deepens the socket of the hip joint and helps stabilize the joint. a. ischial tuberosity b. greater trochanter c. lesser trochanter d. fovea capitis e. acetabular labrum

50. The proximal radioulnar joint is a __________ joint. a. pivot b. ball-and-socket c. hinge d. condylar e. saddle