CH5

25 July 2022
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question
____________ is/are the information, knowledge of people or things, and connections that help individuals enter preexisting networks or gain power from them.
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Social capital
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Which of the following is true regarding the applicability of network analysis within sociological research?
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It can be used in both micro-level and macro-level studies.
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The fact that relatively weak ties that are not reinforced through indirect paths often turn out to be the most valuable, especially in job searches, is known as:
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the strength of weak ties
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Cooley distinguished between two types of groups he called:
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primary and secondary group
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A friendship group isn't an example of a formal organization because:
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friends typically don't have formal rules and governing structures.
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The ways in which power and authority are distributed hierarchically within an organization are called:
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organizational structure
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In hopes of earning a few dollars on investments they no longer use or want, some people take their household items to consignment shops, while other people sell their items on eBay. Which method of selling can be argued to have more structural holes?
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selling through a consignment shop, because buyers are prevented from negotiating with sellers. CONSIGNMENT=SECONDHAND
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Weak ties are valuable parts of a social network because:
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they are more likely to introduce us to new information and ideas.
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A general rule found in research, known as "no cycles of four" within two romantic heterosexual couples, is that people rarely date the ex-partner of their own ex-partner's new boy- or girlfriend. What explanation is given for this finding?
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The replaced exes don't want to lose social status and be seen as "leftovers."
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A process by which organizations face the same conditions, and ultimately tend to end up like each other, is known as:
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isomorphism / isomorphism is a similarity of the processes or structure of one organization to those of another, be it the result of imitation or independent development under similar constraints.
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Any social network that is defined by a common purpose and that has a boundary between its members and the rest of the social world is known within sociology as a(n):
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organization
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If stepsiblings are asked to share bedrooms or other possessions, and one of them views such sharing as an intrusion, he or she may have difficulty overcoming the tendency to play the role of ____________ between his or her parent and the new stepmother or stepfather.
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divide et impera
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What trend, related to a decline in social capital, did Robert Putnam focus on in his book Bowling Alone?
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the declining interest in community-based activities and organizations
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You have six friends over to your apartment for dinner and drinks. Three of the friends are discussing Einstein's theory of relativity, while the other three are talking about the World Cup. According to Simmel, is this a party yet?
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No, because there are only two topics being discussed.
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The study that analyzed the sexual networks of teens at 12 high schools is an example of how network analysis can inform transmission phenomena such as the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). An advantage of network analysis over interpretive sociology is that it can:
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reveal patterns in social structures that might not become evident through answers to direct questions.
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Sociologists refer to the degree to which ties are reinforced through indirect paths within a social network as:
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embeddedness/embeddedness refers to the degree to which economic activity is constrained by non-economic institutions.
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Jill attends a leadership training session at her company's corporate offices. There are six trainers and 48 participants at the seminar. This would be an example of which kind of group?
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large
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Juan and Sylvester are collaborating on a project at work, but are having trouble agreeing on objectives and goals. Henry senses the trouble they are having and steps in to help them refine their goals and come to an agreement. The manager is pleased with Henry's success in diffusing a potentially problematic situation and promotes Henry to project leader. Henry is assumed which of Simmel's roles?
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tertius gaudens
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Who wrote a classic work distinguishing dyads from triads and argued that the number of people in a group is important in determining the form social relationships will take within that group?
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Simmel
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Emma is hoping to secure an internship with an engineering firm this summer. She's talked with friends and family, but they have not been able to provide her with any helpful contacts. Emma runs into her former aerobics instructor, whom she hasn't seen in several years, and her instructor offers to put her in contact with an engineering friend of hers. This is an example of what concept?
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strength of weak ties
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The characteristics of a formal structure and status differentiation are essential to which of Simmel's types of groups?
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large groups
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Chapter 5, which explores interaction in groups, opens with a story about an Australian artist who creates a business importing and distributing food products and utilities from around the globe. Her business would not be possible without:
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social networks
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Your introduction to sociology class is probably which of the following types of groups identified by Cooley?
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secondary
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When you go on a date with one other person, you have formed a:
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dyad / relationship
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Former president George W. Bush and other religious and conservative policy makers' emphasis on abstinence programs and "virginity pledges" has led to a(n):
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delayed onset of sexual activity, on average.
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Parenting coordinators are sometimes brought in by the court to help relieve tension between divorcing parents. When a dispute arises between the parents, the parenting coordinator can step in and help moms and dads "keep the peace." The coordinator plays the role of:
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mediator
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Powerful groups that are often the majority, such as heterosexuals in the United States, are known as:
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in-group
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A family is an example of which type of group identified by Cooley?
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primary groups
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Although we frequently speak of "six degrees of separation," in fact, approximately ____________ of the people in the world are connected to each other through six steps.
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all
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According to Simmel, which of the following groups is the most fragile?
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dyad
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Solomon Asch's experiments on group conformity demonstrate:
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how powerful the influence of a group can be on an individual.
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An interlocking directorate is:
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when members of corporate boards sit on the board of directors for multiple companies.
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A set of stories that ties you to a social group is known as a:
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narrative
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C. Wright Mills's term for interlocking directorates is which of the following?
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the power elite
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Which of the following is a federal law that eliminated quotas on national origins for potential immigrants to the United States?
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the Hart-Cellar Act
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Which sociologist distinguished between primary and secondary groups?
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Charles Horton Cooley
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The most important difference between primary and secondary groups has to do with:
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whether the people in the group trust each other.
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Which of the following types of groups do people compare themselves to, even if they don't know each other personally?
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reference groups
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Which of the following cultures is a case study of a lifestyle that has endured and maintained its traditions despite wide changes in U.S. modern life?
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the Amish in Pennsylvania
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A group that helps us understand our position relative to other groups is a(n):
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reference group
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When a dyad becomes a triad, the third member can gain tremendous power. Which role involves playing one member against the other for his or her own advantage?the third that rejoices
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the third that rejoices
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You and your friend have created a technology start-up. Since its inception, it has become very successful and you've had to hire many employees. At what point will you realize that it has become, in Simmel's terms, a large group?
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when formal job titles are created and formal hierarchies between employees emerge
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Marina is a ten-year-old girl who idolizes singers like Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera. She compares herself to them and imitates them while singing in front of her bedroom mirror. These singers are known as Marina's:
answer
reference group