Ch15 & 16 Criminal Punishment/environment Test

26 August 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
31 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (27)
question
Indeterminate sentences would be more likely to be favored by those with a retributivist than those with a deterrence viewpoint.
answer
false
question
In Deep Ecology, through what means is happiness gained?
answer
Through the performance of quiet, real work.
question
According to the deterrence argument for legal punishment, any kind of punishment is justified no matter what the consequences.
answer
false
question
The old Native American saying, "before you act, consider the consequences on the next seven generations," represents what kind of thinking?
answer
Ecocentrism
question
Some ecofeminists believe that the source of our environmental problems lies in our being governed in our relation to nature by the male type of dominance over it.
answer
true
question
To suggest that capital punishment is a different moral question for nomadic peoples living in tents or other temporary shelters than for societies with maximum-security prisons is what kind of reasoning?
answer
relativism
question
Which country has the highest incarceration rate in the world?
answer
US
question
Punishment is internally related to lawbreaking, according to the deterrence viewpoint.
answer
false
question
The word environment comes from an Old French word meaning
answer
Turning around in.
question
Which of the following types of crime will always be difficult to deter?
answer
Crimes of passion.
question
The fact that having capital punishment "on the table" causes many people to confess to crimes in order to have death "taken off the table" is what kind of ethical reasoning?
answer
Utilitarianism
question
Ecocentrists are distinguished by their rejection of the anthropocentric idea that _________.
answer
Only humans have intrinsic value.
question
Which of our moral theories is most likely to be used in support of the retribution argument for capital punishment?
answer
Categorical imperative
question
To say that a wilderness has prima facie value means that it must be preserved no matter what the cost to do so.
answer
false
question
The article by William Baxter utilized primarily ________ reasoning.
answer
Anthropocentric
question
Retributivists always support a lex talionis view and thus always will support the death penalty for murderers (as being a life for a life).
answer
false
question
Ecocentrism relies on what form of moral reasoning?
answer
Natural law
question
According to anthropocentrism, what has intrinsic value?
answer
Humans only.
question
If all acts are determined by various causal factors, then on retributivist grounds punishment as such is unjustified.
answer
true
question
According to the retributivist argument, all those who commit serious crimes must "pay" for them and we determine how much they should pay only by considering how serious was their crime.
answer
false
question
According to a consequentialist argument regarding legal punishment, if a form of punishment is not deterring anyone from crime, then it cannot be justified.
answer
false
question
The essence of the view known as deep ecology is that organisms depend on their environment in many ways.
answer
false
question
A retributivist would uphold a just punishment for certain crimes even if the imposition of this punishment did not deter anyone from committing such crimes.
answer
true
question
How, in Aldo Leopold's ethics, are right actions to be distinguished from wrong ones?
answer
Right actions tend to preserve the stability and beauty of nature; wrong actions tend to do otherwise.
question
The cost of life in prison without parole compared to an execution is
answer
Significantly lower.
question
Criminal justice
answer
Justice that is focused on punishment and correction (vs. social justice); see also retributive justice, deterrence, restorative justice.
question
Deterrence
answer
A focal point for consequentialist approaches to criminal justice, which is concerned with deterring criminals from committing crime (vs. retributive justice and restorative justice).
question
Exoneration
answer
To be found innocent of a crime for which one was previously convicted and found guilty.
question
Lex Talionis
answer
An idea of retributive justice, which is focused on equivalence or proportionality between the crime and the punishment, often described as ?eye for an eye? justice.
question
Restorative justice
answer
An approach to criminal justice that seeks to make criminals take responsibility and make amends, while restoring the community that they have broken (vs. retributive justice and deterrence).
question
Retributive justice
answer
A theory of criminal justice that focuses on giving criminals what they deserve and forcing them to pay back what they owe to victims or to society (vs. restorative justice and deterrence); see also lex talionis.