Ch. 8 Minerals And Water

Which of the following statements is correct? A) Water acts as a solvent within the body. B) Water is a main component of the blood. C) Water is used to regulate body temperature. D) All of these statements are correct.

The condition known as hyponatremia is A) a severe form of dehydration. B) a problem resulting from eating too much food during a race. C) the presence of too little sodium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids. D) the presence of too much potassium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids

Which of the following substances is a major mineral? A) fluoride B) potassium C) iron D) zinc

The body of an average healthy adult is approximately ________ percent water. A) 40-50 B) 50-60 C) 60-70 D) 70-80

Which of the following substances can interfere with the absorption of iron? A) vitamin C B) phytates C) oxalates D) protein from animal foods

Which of the following actions may not help reduce blood pressure? A) losing excess weight B) drinking less alcohol C) following the DASH diet D) increasing sodium intake

Which of the following minerals may play a role in lowering high blood pressure? A) calcium B) magnesium C) potassium D) All of the answers are correct.

In the DASH study, which of the following amounts of sodium was found to be the most effective daily limit for lowering blood pressure? A) 3,000 milligrams B) 2,500 milligrams C) 1,500 milligrams D) 900 milligrams

Hyperkalemia occurs when a person consumes too much ________ from supplements. A) sodium B) potassium C) zinc D) calcium

Which of the following statements regarding potassium is correct? A) A potassium deficiency can result from vomiting and/or diarrhea. B) Low potassium levels can cause muscle weakness. C) High-protein, low-vegetable/fruit diets may cause a potassium deficiency. D) All the answers are correct

Which of the following pairs of minerals combines to form hydroxyapatite? A) phosphorus and calcium B) zinc and iron C) potassium and calcium D) sulfur and magnesium

Which of the following compounds is a typical ingredient in calcium supplements? A) calcium fluorate B) calcium oxalate C) calcium carbonate D) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following elements is found in both bleach and stomach acid (though in two different forms)? A) zinc B) phosphorus C) magnesium D) chlorine

The two major electrolytes in the blood and outside of cells are A) sulfur and magnesium. B) zinc and iron. C) sodium and chloride. D) potassium and magnesium

Which of the following minerals is found in the amino acids methionine, cystine, and cysteine? A) sulfur B) chromium C) selenium D) molybdenum

The skeleton is completely replaced with new bone about every A) ten years. B) other year. C) five years. D) twenty years.

Peak bone mass typically occurs when a person reaches his or her A) teens. B) twenties. C) thirties. D) fifties.

About two-thirds of the ________ in the body is found in hemoglobin. A) molybdenum B) zinc C) iron D) chromium

Which of the following foods contains nonheme iron? A) beans B) fish C) turkey D) steak

The most common nutritional disorder in the world is A) potassium deficiency. B) magnesium deficiency. C) calcium deficiency. D) iron deficiency.

Which of the following minerals helps in linking collagen and elastin to synthesize connective tissue and is also involved in synthesizing melanin in skin? A) chromium B) copper C) selenium D) iodine

Which of the following statements does not correctly describe a function of zinc? A) It may reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration. B) It helps in wound healing. C) It lowers blood pressure. D) It is important for properly functioning taste buds.

Which of the following statements regarding selenium/selenoproteins is incorrect? A) They are proven protection against colon cancer. B) The amount of selenium in foods depends upon the soil where the plants were grown and animals grazed. C) Selenium plays an important role in the regulation of thyroid hormones. D) Selenium functions as an antioxidant.

Which of the following minerals, when added to water supplies, is responsible for lowering the rate of dental caries in the United States? A) selenium B) iodine C) fluoride D) calcium

Which of the following mineral's main role is to increase the effectiveness of insulin in cells? A) iodine B) chromium C) fluoride D) zinc

A goiter is a deficiency of which of the following substances? A) iodine B) chromium C) phosphorus D) manganese

Which of the following signs or symptoms is characteristic of cretinism? A) abnormal sexual development B) mental retardation C) dwarfism D) All of the answers are correct

________ toxicity can damage the nervous system and cause symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease. A) Chloride B) Sodium C) Manganese D) Selenium

Vitamin C greatly enhances the body's absorption of which of the following minerals? A) nonheme iron B) chromium C) phosphorus D) manganese

The acronym DASH in the DASH diet stands for A) Determine Amount of Sodium Helpful. B) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. C) Dietary Advancements to Suppress Hyponatremia. D) Discussions of Allowable Sodium in Hospitals.

Which of the following substances may possibly reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in individuals at risk of the disease? A) sodium B) calcium C) iron D) chromium

Which of the following substances is an antioxidant and may lower deaths from certain types of cancer? A) calcium B) iron C) selenium D) chromium

Which of the following elements is a major electrolyte? A) iron B) selenium C) chromium D) sodium

Which of the following elements is a major mineral of bone? A) selenium B) calcium C) sodium D) iron

Which of the following elements is a major component of hemoglobin? A) selenium B) calcium C) sodium D) iron

Which of the following conditions is defined as too little potassium in the blood? A) hypokalemia B) hypercalcemia C) hypertension D) hyponatremia

Which of the following conditions is a genetic disorder in which individuals absorb too much dietary iron? A) hypokalemia B) hemochromatosis C) cretinism D) hypertension

Which of the following conditions is defined as too little sodium in the blood? A) hypertension B) hypokalemia C) hemochromatosis D) hyponatremia

Which of the following conditions is defined as too much calcium in the blood? A) hypercalcemia B) hyponatremia C) hemochromatosis D) hypokalemia

Which of the following conditions is commonly known as high blood pressure? A) hypokalemia B) hyponatremia C) hypertension D) hemochromatosis

41) A feeling of dehydration despite having consumed significant amounts of fluids may be an indicator of hyponatremia.

42) Sulfur, phosphorus, and magnesium are all considered major minerals.

43) The majority of the sodium in the typical American diet comes from processed foods.

44) In general, hypertension is characterized by having a diastolic pressure above 120 and a systolic pressure above 80.

45) Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of potassium.

46) Over time, a low-calcium diet may increase your risk of osteoporosis.

47) Calcium supplements are warranted for all age groups because a normal diet will not provide adequate amounts of calcium.

48) Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in your body, after calcium.

49) Keshan disease results from eating foods grown in selenium-rich soils.

50) Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, can inhibit the absorption of magnesium.

51) Over-consumption of calcium is the root cause of the development of kidney stones.

52) Both magnesium and chromium may play roles in decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.

53) Osteopenia is characterized by a lower bone density than occurs in osteoporosis.

54) Although osteoporosis is often thought of as a condition of the elderly, it has its roots in childhood.

55) Women with a higher body weight are more susceptible to bone fractures than those with a lower body weight.

56) Excessive alcohol consumption can increase bone density because it promotes the formation of new bone by decreasing the loss of calcium and promoting the activation of vitamin D.

57) Smokers absorb less calcium than nonsmokers.

58) Eating meat with vegetables increases the absorption of nonheme iron present in the vegetables.

59) Drinking orange juice with poultry decreases the bioavailability of nonheme iron in the poultry.

60) Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder in which dietary iron absorption is severely reduced.

61) Processed foods provide about half of the sodium intake in the US.

62) Research has confirmed that taking zinc can reduce the severity and duration of the common cold.

63) Selenium is a component of selenoproteins, which can function as antioxidants.

64) A selenium deficiency can result in selenosis, which damages the heart.

65) The intake of too much fluoride can cause fluorosis, which creates teeth that are extremely resistant to caries but unappealing in appearance.

66) The main function of iodine is to increase insulin's effectiveness in cells.

67) Chromium makes up approximately 60 percent of an individual's thyroid hormones.

68) In one study, individuals who drank water with high levels of manganese experienced symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease.

69) The inorganic form of arsenic is poisonous to humans.

70) Although the majority of water intake is through food and beverages, a small amount of water is also generated during metabolism.

71) The movement of water across the cell membrane is called osmosis.

72) The hormone that directs the kidneys to reduce water loss from the body by reducing urine output is thyroid hormone.

73) If a person weighs less after an activity than before, the weight change is due to loss of body fat.

74) The overconsumption of fluids can cause hyponatremia, which can be fatal.

75) Dehydration can result if too much water and sodium have been lost from the body.

76) Minerals that are important in fluid balance are called antidiuretics.

77) The bottling and sale of naturally obtained spring water is under the regulation of the FDA.

78) The degree to which a nutrient in food is available for absorption by the body is known as its biodegradability.

79) Magnesium is the most abundant mineral in the body.

80) One advantage of consuming tap water is that it often contains fluoride.