Ch. 7 Vitamins

25 July 2022
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1) Which of the following statements about vitamins is incorrect?
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C) They provide energy.
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2) Which of the following vitamins is transported in a micelle along with bile and fatty acids?
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D) vitamin A
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3) Which of the following conditions will not destroy the vitamin content of foods?
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A) cold
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4) Which of the following statements about xerophthalmia is correct?
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C) It is defined as permanent damage to the cornea resulting from a vitamin A deficiency.
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5) Which of the following substances is a form of naturally occurring vitamin E?
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B) alpha-tocopherol
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6) Which of the following vitamins is light sensitive and abundant in milk?
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A) riboflavin
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7) Which of the following vitamins is essential for blood clotting?
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Vitamin K
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8) Which of the following vitamins is important in a woman's diet before she conceives a baby?
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folate
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9) Which of the following vitamins has been shown to reduce the risk of certain cancers, especially colon cancer?
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folate
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10) Vitamin C is necessary for which of the following processes?
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A) collagen production
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11) Pellagra is a condition associated with a deficiency of which vitamin?
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Vitamin B3
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12) Which of the following conditions is a vitamin D deficiency disease in children?
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rickets
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13) Which of the following conditions is not caused by a vitamin D deficiency?
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scurvy
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14) Which of the following factors is not responsible for the increase in cases of rickets in the United States?
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D) consumption of low-fat milk
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15) Which of the following vitamins cannot be synthesized by your body?
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Vitamin C
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16) Thiamin deficiency results in which of the following conditions?
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C) beriberi
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17) The phytochemical anthocyanin is found in
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beets
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18) Which of the following vitamins has been shown to beneficially alter the serum levels of triglycerides?
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niacin
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19) Which of the following actions is the best way to reduce your chances of catching a cold?
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A) frequent hand-washing with soap and water
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20) Which of the following vitamins is involved in breaking down homocysteine in the blood?
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folate
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21) Which of the following substances is not an antioxidant?
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biotin
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22) Folate can be found in the highest levels in which of the following foods?
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A) asparagus
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23) Naturally occurring vitamin B12 is found in which of the following foods?
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eggs
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24) Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 is false?
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C) The body's ability to absorb this vitamin increases with age.
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25) Pernicious anemia occurs when there is a deficiency of which vitamin?
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B12
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26) Which of the following people might not benefit from a vitamin supplement?
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D) individuals who regularly eat fortified foods
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27) According to a study conducted by the National Eye Institute, which of the following lists of supplements may lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration?
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A) vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene
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28) At which sites is the inactive form of vitamin D converted to the active form?
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B) in the liver and then in the kidneys
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29) Which of the following vitamins helps bone health by regulating calcium and phosphorus?
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Vitamin D
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30) Vitamin K has a role
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B) in enabling osteocalcin to bind with calcium in bones.
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31) When the B vitamins help numerous enzymes produce reactions within cells, they are acting as
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coenzymes
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32) Vitamin C is also known as ________ acid.
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ascorbic
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33) Foods that have had nutrients added to them are designated as ________ foods.
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fortified
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34) Which of the following organizations sets purity and reliability standards for dietary supplements?
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USP
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35) ________ and vitamin B12 are B vitamins needed for keeping red blood cells healthy.
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Folate
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36) ________ is a vitamin-like substance that is abundant in foods from animal sources and is needed to properly utilize fat.
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carntine
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37) Oxygen-containing molecules that can damage cells and possibly contribute to the increased risk of certain chronic diseases are called
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free radicals
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38) Excessive amounts of water-soluble vitamins are often excreted in
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urine
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39) ________ plays a role in breaking down alcohol in the body.
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Thiamin
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40) The signs and symptoms of ________ include dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea.
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pellagra
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41) The body can synthesize ________ from the amino acid tryptophan.
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niacin
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42) Vitamin B6 is a collective name for several related compounds, including
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A) pyridoxine.
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43) ________ boosts the immune system by enabling the body to make white blood cells.
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Vitamin C
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44) Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene act as ________, which may reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease.
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antioxidants
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45) Vitamin C helps the body absorb ________ from plant foods such as grains and cereals.
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iron
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46) Ascorbic acid acts as a coenzyme and is needed for the production of
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collagen
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47) The disease resulting from vitamin C deficiency is called
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scruvy
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48) The condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy is called
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cataract
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49) ________ are naturally occurring plant compounds that act as antioxidants and give fruits and vegetables their vibrant colors.
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phytochemicals
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50) Individuals who cannot produce intrinsic factor and thus cannot absorb vitamin B12 may develop ________ anemia.
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pernicious
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51) Excessive amounts of vitamin E in the body increase the risk of hemorrhage.
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True
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52) To produce vitamin D from sunlight, individuals with dark skin require a shorter period of sun exposure than people with lighter skin.
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False
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53) The disease that occurs in humans who have a thiamin deficiency is called beriberi.
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True
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54) Protein-rich foods are good sources of tryptophan and thus of thiamin.
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False
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55) Consuming too much niacin can cause flushing of the skin.
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True
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56) Prolonged heat from cooking will destroy water-soluble vitamins.
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True
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57) Cutting vegetables and fruits hours before eating them will have no effect on their vitamin content.
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False
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58) Overconsumption of fat-soluble vitamins is more likely to be toxic than overconsumption of water-soluble vitamins.
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True
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59) Nerve damage caused by pernicious anemia, if diagnosed early enough, can be reversed with treatments of vitamin B12.
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True
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60) The most usable form of vitamin A is retinoic acid.
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False
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61) Using retinoids during pregnancy can cause birth defects.
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True
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62) Carotenodermia is a life-threatening toxic reaction to the overconsumption of vitamin A.
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False
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63) The water-soluble vitamins include the B vitamins and vitamin E.
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False
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64) Vitamin K is a component of two light-sensitive proteins that are essential for vision.
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False
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65) A deficiency of vitamin A can lead to night blindness and xerophthalmia.
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True
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66) One of the easiest ways to get vitamin D is by drinking fortified milk.
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True
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67) The adult equivalent of rickets is called osteomalacia.
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True
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68) One of the best ways to reduce your chances of catching a cold is to take vitamin C supplements.
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False
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69) Vitamins do not provide energy.
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True
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70) Large amounts of vitamin B6 taken through supplements may be associated with nerve damage.
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True
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71) A diet deficient in vitamin C can result in macrocytic anemia.
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False
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72) A diet deficient in vitamin B6 can result in pernicious anemia.
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False
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73) A diet that contains too much niacin may result in pellagra.
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False
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74) A diet deficient in vitamin C can result in rickets.
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False
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75) A diet deficient in vitamin D can result in osteomalacia.
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True
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76) Vitamin D helps maintain calcium balance in the blood.
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True
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77) Vitamin B6 acts as a coenzyme with more than 100 enzymes involved in the metabolism of proteins.
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True
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78) Vitamin C is needed to make hemoglobin, the most abundant protein in the human body.
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False
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79) Vitamin K is an important anticoagulant.
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False
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80) Biotin plays a part in DNA formation.
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False