Ch 5 - the Integumentary System

A Caucasian patient with pale skin is treated for low blood pressure with medication that elevates the blood pressure; however, the skin's pallor does not change. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the pallor in this patient? respiratory disease that results in the blood being poorly oxygenated the presence of hematomas in the skin hypertension caused by excessive use of the medication Anemia

Layers B and C collectively form the __________. Section of the integument with labeled histological levels. subcutaneous layer hypodermis epidermis dermis

Layer B is composed primarily of __________. Section of the integument with labeled histological levels. dense regular connective tissue areolar connective tissue dense irregular connective tissue simple squamous epithelium

Part complete Which of the following terms describes layer D? Section of the integument with labeled histological levels. epidermal papillary reticular subcutaneous

Which of the following correctly describes a common feature of all structures labeled A through D in the figure? Section of the integument with labeled accessory structures. Structures A, B, C, and D are located in the dermis. Structures A, B, C, and D are composed primarily of smooth muscle. Structures A, B, C, and D are all various types of glands. Structures A, B, C, and D are all involved in the sensory functions of the skin.

What is the most common cell type in the epidermis? macrophages dendritic cells keratinocytes fibroblasts

Cell division would be most common among cells in which of the labeled layers? Section of the epidermis indicating epithelial layers and cell types. A B C D

Which skin-color-associated, pigment-producing cell is located in the labeled layer D? Section of the epidermis indicating epithelial layers and cell types. Merkel cell melanocyte keratinocyte fibroblast

What is the structure indicated by label E? the hypodermis a hair root the stratum corneum a dermal papilla

Which stratum of the epidermis contains the stem cells responsible for regenerating the more superficial layers? stratum spinosum stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum basale

Which skin pigment is made in the skin as a natural defense against UV radiation? melanin hemoglobin carotene keratin

Which of the following is a layer of the epidermis found in thin skin? clear layer papillary layer reticular layer granular layer

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Dendritic cells ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system. Tactile cells anchor the skin to the underlying structures of the body. Melanin protects the nuclei of keratinocytes against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Keratinocytes produce a fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its protective properties.

Which of the following represents a difference between eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands? Eccrine sweat glands use exocytosis to secrete their product, while apocrine sweat glands do not. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands contain more fat and protein than do the secretions of eccrine sweat glands. Eccrine sweat glands begin to function at puberty, while apocrine sweat glands function throughout life. Eccrine sweat glands are located deeper in the dermis than apocrine sweat glands.

Overactive sebaceous glands can cause... fine hairs on the forehead to become brittle. the forehead's skin to become dry. bacteria on the forehead's skin to grow and multiply freely. seborrhea, a disease characterized by red, itchy lesions on the scalp.

In a woman that has hirsutism, ________. the keratin filaments in hair undergo cell division to thicken the hair androgens stimulate vellus hair to become terminal hair the cuticles in the visible portions of hair shafts undergo extensive cell division hair will thin and grow slowly

In alopecia, new hair growth stops because cell division is inhibited in the_________. epithelial root sheath cuticle hair matrix hair follicle receptor

Which glands secrete an oily product that softens the skin and hair? apocrine sweat glands sebaceous glands ceruminous glands eccrine sweat glands

Earwax is made by __________. sebaceous glands eccrine glands ceruminous glands mammary glands

Which of the following is NOT a function of sebum? protection from UV radiation protection from bacteria lubrication of the skin prevention of water loss

Pigment can be found in several layers of the epidermis. In which layer would you expect to find the cells that produce melanin? stratum basale stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum

The biggest risk factor for the development of skin cancer is excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. Exposure to the type of UV light emitted from a tanning bed is far less dangerous. true false

The skin is permeable to organic solvents, such as acetone or paint thinner, because they ________. can dissolve the lipid bilayers of epidermal and dermal cell plasma membranes are small molecules that bypass skin cells and therefore directly enter the blood solubilize the skin's keratin filaments solubilize the skin's collagen fibers

What is the function of structure B? Section of the integument with labeled accessory structures. detection of pressure stimulus storage of fat production of defensive chemicals secretion of sweat

Which of the following is a metabolic function of skin? cutaneous sensation elimination of nitrogenous wastes body temperature regulation synthesis of a vitamin D precursor

The skin is not a __________ barrier. biological metabolic chemical physical

Sweating and shivering are two ways in which the skin contributes to regulation of body temperature. True False

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is __________. basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma melanoma All of these skin cancers are equally dangerous.

Which of the following would be a sign of a melanoma? a size smaller than 6 mm uniform coloration regular borders asymmetry

The source of the fluid that accumulates in a blister is ________. water that is absorbed from the environment into the skin water that is squeezed out of the overlying epidermal cells the plasma of the blood flowing through the numerous dermal blood vessels none of the above

In general, skin cancer is least likely to develop in which of the following locations? scalp forehead nose the back of the hand

Susan sat out in the sun watching a baseball game. She developed small blisters on her unprotected shoulders and neck. What type of burn is represented by the formation of the blisters? first-degree burn second-degree burn third-degree burn full-thickness burn

What is the role of the hair matrix? The hair matrix serves as an anchor for the hair shaft. The hair matrix serves as a sensory receptor. The hair matrix allows hair to "stand on end," or become erect. The hair matrix produces hair.

Which of the following explains why eyebrows do NOT grow as long as the hair on the head? The hair follicles in the scalp have a hair matrix, but the hair follicles of the eyebrows do not. The hair follicles in the scalp are responsive to androgens, however the hair follicles of the eyebrows are not. The hair follicles of the eyebrows are active for only a few months before becoming inactive; the hair follicles in the scalp are active for years before becoming inactive. The hairs on the head have a cuticle, whereas the hairs of the eyebrows do not. The hair follicles of the eyebrows exhibit a resting phase, but the hair follicles in the scalp do not.

Which of the following does NOT protect the skin from bacteria? the low pH of the skin the temperature of the skin dermcidin defensins cathelicidins

Which of these is NOT a function of the layer at D? Section of the integument with labeled histological levels. to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis to loosely connect the skin to underlying tissue to store energy to insulate the body from heat loss

Which of these structures is properly matched with its mode of secretion? Section of the integument with labeled accessory structures. A; holocrine A; eccrine B; apocrine C; holocrine

What is the function of the structure at A? Section of the integument with labeled accessory structures. to lubricate hair and prevent infection to detect touch to cool the body to provide nourishment for the cells in the hair

What feature of the prickle cells in layer C causes them to have pointy projections after tissue preparation? Section of the epidermis indicating epithelial layers and cell types. pulling by shrunken keratin fibers between the cells the rigidity of the cell membrane glycolipids that make the layer waterproof their desmosome attachments

Which of these epidermal layers would be LEAST likely to develop cancer? Section of the epidermis indicating epithelial layers and cell types. A C D E

Why does your skin remain red after a bad sunburn? Inflammation causes increased blood flow. Damaged epidermis cells are sloughed off. Loss of sweat glands in the dermal layer Blisters form, lifting the epidermal layer.

Why would a third-degree burn be less painful than a first- or second-degree burn involving the same body area? destruction of underlying pain receptors Inflammatory fluids disrupt nerve endings. Intense heat alters sensory nerve fibers. Localized dehydration results in less pain.