Ch. 33 Mastering Bio

________ is a waste product of cellular respiration. - Glucose - Nitrogen - Oxygen - Carbon dioxide - ATP

What structure do insects use to deliver air close to each body cell? - saclike lungs - pharynx - elaborate branching air tubes called tracheae - spiracles

Assume that you watch an earthworm crawl across the pavement on a warm sunny day and notice that its skin is drying out. What will be the immediate result of dry skin and the ultimate cause of death? - heat effects - dehydration - starvation - suffocation

Which respiratory system characteristics are shared by fish, frogs, jellyfish, and earthworms? - respiratory system with a complex network of tubes - lack of a true circulatory system - internal respiratory structures - gas exchange across a moist respiratory surface - gas exchange across the skin

Which sequence of animals is an example of how animal respiratory systems evolved? - lizard-shark-bird-salamander - shark-lizard-salamander-bird - shark-salamander-lizard-bird - bird-lizard-salamander-shark - salamander-lizard-shark-bird

Movement of O2 from the outside air to respiratory surfaces by breathing is an example of: - diffusion. - active transport. - facilitated diffusion. - bulk flow. - osmosis.

The lungs of reptiles are better developed than those of amphibians because reptiles: - lay shelled eggs. - have a dry, scaly skin. - are larger animals. - use oxygen for cellular processes. - have a higher metabolic rate.

All of the following are respiratory surfaces EXCEPT: - alveoli of a raccoon. - skin of an earthworm. - gills of a fish. - tracheae of a fly. - bat wings.

What are spiracles? - openings into the tracheae of insects - openings into the alveoli of the lungs - openings between the gills of a frog tadpole - openings to the bronchi

Although amphibians use gills during their aquatic larval stage and develop simple, sac-like lungs as adults, some may also depend on an additional mechanism for gas exchange. What is it? - inflatable air sacs that store air - thin projections of the body surface that protrude into the surrounding water - countercurrent exchange mechanisms - diffusion of gases into and out of capillaries through their thin, moist skin

What is the purpose of the diaphragm, a large sheet of muscle that forms the lower boundary of the chest cavity? - It facilitates inhalation and exhalation. - As it contracts, it assists the heart in moving blood to the lungs. - It controls oxygenation of the blood. - Along with the ribs it protects the heart and lungs.

Why is carbon monoxide such a toxic chemical? - It is toxic to the liver. - It causes emphysema by attacking the walls of the alveoli. - When inhaled, it competes for the same sites on hemoglobin that bind oxygen and prevents transport of oxygen. - It can be rapidly absorbed by the skin.

What activity will prevent cilia from continuously sweeping mucus and trapped debris upward toward the pharynx? - holding your breath - smoking - drinking alcohol - running

In what part of the lung does gas exchange occur? - bronchioles - larynx - alveoli - bronchi

How many bronchi does the human have? - one - four - two - three

Where do air from the nose and air from the mouth join? - larynx - pharynx - bronchioles - bronchi - trachea

During inhalation, - the diaphragm relaxes. - the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases. - air moves up the trachea. - the diaphragm and rib muscles contract. - oxygen molecules move into the lungs, and carbon dioxide molecules move out of the lungs.

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood? - Alveoli - Nose - Bronchioles - Bronchi - Trachea

Which statement is correct? - In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells. - Oxygen diffuses from large blood vessels into the body's cells. - Carbon dioxide diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries. - Oxygen is released from the mitochondria as a product of cellular respiration. - As oxygen diffuses from the lungs into capillaries, blood becomes deoxygenated.

After blood becomes oxygenated, - it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to the lungs. - it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to the lungs. - it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells. - it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to capillaries that supply the body's cells with oxygen. - it does not return to the heart, but goes to the nose and mouth.

Hemoglobin - uses ATP to move oxygen from blood to body cells. - is the site of cellular respiration. - is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen. - is found in blood plasma. - has five subunits.