AMH2020 Chapter 22

26 August 2022
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The Four Freedoms:
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​c.​ were President Roosevelt's statement of the Allied war aims.
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​In what aspect of American foreign policy did Franklin D. Roosevelt remove himself from Herbert Hoover's precedent?
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d.​He formally recognized the Soviet Union in an effort to stimulate trade.
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Which of the following statements best describes Japan's overseas actions in the 1930s?
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b.​Japan invaded China in 1931 and 1937 to expand its military and economic power.
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Fascism:
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e.​A and B
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Which of the following does NOT explain why Americans hoped to avoid involvement in the war in Europe?
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e.​It was clear to most people that there was little possibility of an Allied victory.
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In 1940, the "cash and carry" plan:
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a.​allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis.
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Men like Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and Father Coughlin were members of the:
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c.​America First committee, an isolationist group.
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Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt announce his candidacy for a third term in 1940?
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He argued that the recovery was too fragile and the international situation too dangerous for him to leave his post.
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The Lend-Lease Act:
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b.​authorized military aid to those fighting against Germany and Japan.
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Freedom House was an organization that:
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​a.​demanded American intervention in the European war.
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​After the United States entered World War II:
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d.​Americans experienced a series of military losses.
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​"D-Day" refers to the:
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e.​Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy.
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How did the Allied campaign in Italy prepare for the ground invasion of France on D-Day?
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​a.​The defeat of Mussolini's regime forced Hitler to redirect valuable German troops to occupy Italy.
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What was the "final solution"?
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​b.​Adolf Hitler's plan to mass-exterminate "undesirable" peoples.
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In the United States during World War II:
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​a.​unemployment declined, production soared, and income taxes increased.
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How did World War II change the role of corporations in American life?
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c.​Technological innovation and high productivity in the war effort restored the reputation of corporations from its Depression lows.
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How did World War II affect the West Coast of the United States?
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d.​Millions of Americans moved to California for jobs and military service.
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Organized labor assisted in the war effort by:
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b.​agreeing to a no-strike pledge.
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Why did so many American workers walk out of their jobs between 1943 and 1944?
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c.​They charged their employers with the unseemly expansion of corporate profits.
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What did Roosevelt mean by the phrase "Freedom from Want"?
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d.​B and C
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During the war, Americans:
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​a.​experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline.
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The Office of War Information:
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e.​used radio, film, and press to give the war an ideological meaning.
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​"Rosie the Riveter":
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d.​refers to Norman Rockwell's image of a female industrial laborer.
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Women working in defense industries during the war:
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b.​made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and shipbuilding.
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For most women workers, World War II:
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c.​allowed them to make temporary gains.
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What taste of freedom did women enjoy in World War II?
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d.​The perks of doing men's jobs.
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What does Henry Luce see as the cure for America in his book The American Century?
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​a.​For America to exert its influence on the world.
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What did Henry Luce and Henry Wallace have in common?
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c.​They both put forth a new conception of America's role in the world based in part on internationalism and on the idea that the American experience should serve as a model for all other nations.
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Who did publisher Henry Luce credit with the provision of "the abundant life" in his blueprint for postwar prosperity, The American Century?
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c.​Free enterprise.
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The National Resources Planning Board:
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​b.​urged the expansion of the welfare state.
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The GI Bill of Rights:
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b.​included scholarships for education for veterans.
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FDR's "Economic Bill of Rights":
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b.​would have empowered the federal government to secure education, housing, medical care, and full employment for all Americans.
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The Road to Serfdom:
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e.​A and B
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On what grounds did the Austrian-born economist Friedrich A. Hayek reject the New Deal state?
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​c.​He was convinced that even the best intentioned government planning efforts would threaten individual liberties.
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How did "Patriotic Assimilation" differ from "Americanization"?
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b.​Patriotic assimilation described the American way of life, where people of different backgrounds could live together in freedom and unite as a people.
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Under the bracero program:
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c.​Mexicans were encouraged to immigrate, but they were denied the right of citizenship.
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How did wartime experiences change Mexican-American life in California?
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d.​Employment opportunities in the defense sector prompted Mexican-Americans to find work outside of their neighborhoods.
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The "zoot suit" riots of 1943:
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​d.​highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II.
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The 1943 Texas Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges resolution:
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​b.​allowed Mexicans equal treatment in public accommodations, while still segregating blacks.
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During World War II, Native Americans:
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​a.​served in the military and worked in war production.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Asian-American experience during World War II?
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c.​ Executive Order 9066 fully integrated Asian-Americans into U.S. army units serving overseas.
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Why did Executive Order 9066 NOT apply to persons of Japanese descent living in Hawaii?
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c.​Since nearly 40 percent of the population was of Japanese descent, the evacuation order would have been impractical.
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Which statement about the Japanese-American internment is FALSE?
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e.​Once their loyalty was proven, they were free to leave.
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​In Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court:
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​b.​upheld the legality of Japanese internment.
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The status of blacks during World War II:
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d.​in northeastern cities was not always improved, despite the promise of better economic opportunity through wartime jobs.
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T or F: The "zoot suit" riots were between the police of Detroit and the black workers of the city.
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F
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T or F: Texas passed the Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges resolution in 1943 in a goodwill effort to help Mexican-Americans.
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T
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T or F: The war experience brought many more Native Americans closer to the mainstream of American life.
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T
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Japanese propaganda depicted Americans as a self-indulgent people contaminated by ethnic and racial diversity, as opposed to the racially "pure" Japanese.
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T
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T or F: ​The majority of the Japanese-Americans who were interned during the war were not actually citizens of the United States.
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F
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T or F: During the war, the AFL made great strides in helping blacks and was more racially integrated than any union had ever been before.
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F
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T or F: By 1945, support for racial justice had finally taken its place on the liberal-left agenda alongside full employment, civil liberties, and the expansion of the New Deal welfare state.
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T
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T or F: The dropping of the atomic bombs to end World War II was the logical culmination of a war that was unprecedented in the targeting of civilian populations in the fighting.
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T
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T or F: ​The Bretton Woods meeting established a new international economic system.
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T
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T or F: Freedom of speech and freedom of worship were not principles expressed by the Atlantic Charter because FDR feared their application to the African-American struggle for racial justice and equality at home.
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F