Ch. 13

25 July 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
48 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (44)
question
The process of solute particles being surrounded by solvent particles is known as
answer
solvation
question
Pairs of liquids that will mix in all proportions are called __________ liquids.
answer
miscible
question
Which one of the following vitamins is water soluble?
answer
Vitamin B
question
The dissolution of water in octane (C8H18) is prevented by __________.
answer
hydrogen bonding between water molecules
question
When argon is placed in a container of neon, the argon spontaneously disperses throughout the neon because __________.
answer
the dispersion of argon atoms produces an increase in disorder
question
Hydration is a specific example of the phenomenon known generally as __________.
answer
solvation
question
The dissolution of gases in water is virtually always exothermic because __________.
answer
one of the two endothermic steps (separation of solute particles) in the solution-formation process is unnecessary
question
Formation of solutions where the process is endothermic can be spontaneous provided that __________.
answer
they are accompanied by an increase in disorder
question
The phrase "like dissolves like" refers to the fact that
answer
polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes
question
Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) dissolves readily in water even though the dissolution is endothermic by 26.4 kJ/mol. The solution process is spontaneous because __________.
answer
of the increase in disorder upon dissolution of this strong electrolyte
question
When solutions of strong electrolytes in water are formed, the ions are surrounded by water molecules. These interactions are described as a case of
answer
hydration
question
When two nonpolar organic liquids are mixed, a solution forms and the enthalpy of solution is quite small. Label the two organic liquids as A (solvent) and B (solute). The formation of solution is favored by __________.
answer
an increase in disorder, since A-A, B-B, and A-B interactions are similar
question
A saturated solution
answer
contains dissolved solute in equilibrium with undissolved solute
question
In a saturated solution of a salt in water, __________.
answer
the rate of crystallization = the rate of dissolution
question
Compounds composed of a salt and water combined in definite proportions are known as
answer
hydrates
question
An unsaturated solution is one that
answer
has a concentration lower than the solubility
question
A solution with a concentration higher than the solubility is
answer
supersaturated
question
A supersaturated solution
answer
is one with a higher concentration than the solubility
question
The principal reason for the extremely low solubility of NaCl in benzene (C6H6) is the __________.
answer
weak solvation of Na+ and Cl- by C6H6
question
Which one of the following substances would be the most soluble in CCl4?
answer
C10H22
question
Which of the following substances is more likely to dissolve in water?
answer
HCH2CH2OH---- water is polar and in this compound there is more OH groups
question
Which of the following substances is more likely to dissolve in CH3OH?
answer
CH3CH2OH (Like dissolves like)
question
The largest value of the Henry's Law constant for the liquid solvent water will be obtained with __________ gas as the solute and a temperature of __________ ยฐC.
answer
HCl, 49
question
Pressure has an appreciable effect on the solubility of __________ in liquids.
answer
gases
question
Which of the following statements is false? A) Nonpolar liquids tend to be insoluble in polar liquids. B) The weaker the attraction between the solute and solvent molecules, the greater the solubility. C) Substances with similar intermolecular attractive forces tend to be soluble in one another. D) The solubility of a gas increases in direct proportion to its partial pressure above the solution. E) The solubility of gases in water decreases with increasing temperature.
answer
B) The weaker the attraction between the solute and solvent molecules, the greater the solubility.
question
Which of the following choices has the compounds correctly arranged in order of increasing solubility in water? (least soluble to most soluble)
answer
CCl4 (nonpolar) < CHCl3 (polar) < NaNO3 (salt- most soluble in water)
question
The Procter & Gamble Company product called olestraTM is formed by combining a sugar molecule with __________.
answer
fatty acids
question
Which component of air is the primary problem in a condition known as "the bends"?
answer
N2 (Nitrogen gas)
question
If the partial pressure of oxygen in the air a diver breathes is too great, __________.
answer
the urge to breathe is reduced and not enough cabon dioxide is removed from the body
question
A solution contains 28% phosphoric acid by mass. This means that
answer
100 g of this solution contains 28 g of phosphoric acid
question
Which one of the following concentration units varies with temperature?
answer
molarity
question
A solution contains 11% by mass of sodium chloride. This means that __________.
answer
100 g of the solution contains 11 g of sodium chloride
question
A solution contains 15 ppm of benzene. The density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL. This means that __________.
answer
there are 15 mg of benzene in 1.0 L of this solution OR 1.0 g of the solution contains 15 x 10^-6 g of benzene
question
The magnitudes of Kf and of Kb depend on the identity of the __________.
answer
solvent
question
As the concentration of a solute in a solution increases, the freezing point of the solution __________ and the vapor pressure of the solution __________.
answer
decreases, decreases
question
Van Hoff factor value (i)
answer
theoretical= # of ions in Strong electrolyte observed/most likely= a little less than the theoretical
question
The ratio of the actual value of a colligative property to the value calculated, assuming the substance to be a nonelectrolyte, is referred to as __________.
answer
the van't Hoff factor
question
Colligative properties of solutions include all of the following except __________.
answer
the increase of reaction rates with increase in temperature
question
The process of a substance sticking to the surface of another is called
answer
adsorption
question
Which of the following cannot be a colloid?
answer
a foam
question
Hydrophobic colloids __________.
answer
can be stabilized by adsorption of ions
question
For a dilute aqueous solution, a concentration of 1 ppm also corresponds to a concentration of 1 __________ per liter of solution.
answer
milligram
question
Physical properties of a solution that depend on the quantity of the solute particles present, but not the kind or identity of the particles, are termed __________ properties.
answer
Colligative
question
The phenomenon used to differentiate colloids and true solutions is called the __________ effect.
answer
Tyndall
question
Adding a nonvolatile solute to a solution decreases the vapor pressure of the solution.
answer
True
question
After swimming in the ocean for several hours, swimmers noticed that their fingers appeared to be very wrinkled. This is an indication that seawater is supertonic relative to the fluid in cells.
answer
False
question
The value of the boiling-point-elevation constant (Kb) depends on the identity of the solvent.
answer
True
question
Emulsifying agents typically have a hydrophobic end and a hydrophilic end.
answer
True