Ch 12: Central Nervous System

24 July 2022
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midbrain
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The middle primary brain vesicle, the mesencephalon, gives rise to which adult brain structure? ANSWER: midbrain diencephalon cerebrum medulla oblongata
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The cerebral hemispheres account for about 83% of total brain mass.
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Which of the following is true of the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain? ANSWER: Nearly the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres is marked by elevated ridges called sulci. The longitudinal fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum. Nearly the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres is marked by shallow grooves called gyri. The cerebral hemispheres account for about 83% of total brain mass.
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gray matter: myelinated axons
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Which of the following is NOT a correctly matched pair? ANSWER: gray matter: myelinated axons gray matter: location of brain nuclei superficial in the brain: gray matter spinal cord: inner gray matter
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primary motor cortex
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Which motor area both has a homunculus and has descending projection fibers? ANSWER: frontal eye fields Broca's area premotor cortex primary motor cortex
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limbic association area: sense of danger
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Which of the following is correctly matched? ANSWER: limbic association area: sense of danger vestibular cortex; pattern recognition posterior association area: understand balance gustatory cortex; sense of hearing
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projection fibers
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For our motor commands to travel toward our muscles, the signals must travel on __________. ANSWER: the primary visual cortex commissural fibers projection fibers association fibers
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True
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In general, a primary sensory cortex breaks down sensory input into component parts, while an association cortex makes sense of sensory inputs. ANSWER: True False
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True
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The term cerebral dominance designates the hemisphere that is dominant for language. ANSWER: True False
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superior colliculus
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Which of the following is NOT a diencephalon component? ANSWER: hypothalamus thalamus pineal gland superior colliculus
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False
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The hypothalamus is the area where afferent impulses from all senses and all parts of the body are sorted out and then relayed to the appropriate area of the sensory cortex. ANSWER: True False
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regulate the thalamus
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? ANSWER: regulate the thalamus regulate food intake regulate emotional responses regulate body temperature
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pons
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Which of the following regions of the brain stem serves as a bridge between the brain stem and the cerebellum? ANSWER: pons midbrain medulla oblongata thalamus
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The cerebellum generates conscious motor commands.
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Which of the following statements about the cerebellum is NOT correct? ANSWER: The cerebellum plays a role maintaining your balance. Damage to the cerebellum could affect posture. The cerebellum has a cortex and homunculus, just like the motor cortex. The cerebellum generates conscious motor commands.
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Sights often create strong emotional responses.
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Which of these statements is NOT correct regarding our limbic system? ANSWER: Sights often create strong emotional responses. The cingulate helps you express your emotional state. Your amygdala judges facial expressions for danger. Emotional states can alter our blood pressure.
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True
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Emotional state, rehearsal, association, and automatic memory are all factors that affect the transfer of information from short-term memory (STM) to long-term memory (LTM). ANSWER: True False
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pia mater
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Which of the meninges is a delicate connective tissue membrane that clings tightly to the brain like cellophane wrap following its every convolution? ANSWER: pia mater arachnoid mater periosteal layer of the dura mater meningeal layer of the dura mater
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Spinal nerves have mixed motor and sensory function.
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Which of the following statements is correct concerning the spinal cord? ANSWER: The white matter contains cell bodies for spinal nuclei. Damage to sensory tracts in the spinal cord leads to paralysis. Just like the cerebrum, the gray matter is found on the superficial surfaces. Spinal nerves have mixed motor and sensory function.
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First-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion.
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Select the true statement regarding first-order neurons. ANSWER: First-order neurons originate in the CNS. First-order neurons usually ascend directly to the thalamus. First-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion. First-order neurons descend with motor commands.
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Parkinson's disease
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__________ is a progressive degenerative disease of the basal nuclei that affects the dopamine-secreting pathways. ANSWER: Huntington's disease Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease mad cow disease
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True
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In anencephaly, the cerebrum and part of the brain stem never develop. ANSWER: True False