Ch 04 Astronomy

If Earth were twice as far from the Sun, the force of gravity attracting Earth to the Sun would be:

If you want to make a rocket turn left, you need to:

Consider the statement "There's no gravity in space." This statement is:

If the Moon were closer to Earth, high tides would:

Suppose you visit another planet:

The light from Polaris travels through space in the form of ________ energy.

Rapidly moving comets have more ________ energy than slowly moving ones.

An apple contains ________ energy that your body can convert into other forms energy.

Nuclear fusion in stars converts some of the ________ energy of hydrogen nuclei into light and heat.

Due to its much higher density, water heated to 80 degrees (Celsius) contains more ________ energy than air at the same temperature.

An asteroid that is moving farther from the Sun is gaining ________ energy.

As the cloud collapses, the force of gravity drawing the cloud inward __________ because __________.

As the cloud shrinks in size, its rate of rotation __________ because __________.

As the cloud shrinks in size, its central temperature __________ as a result of __________.

Suppose that the Sun were to collapse from its current radius of about 700,000 km to a radius of only about 6000 km (about the radius of Earth). What would you expect to happen as a result?

Suppose that two asteroids are orbiting the Sun on nearly identical orbits, and they happen to pass close enough to each other to have their orbits altered by this gravitational encounter. If one of the asteroids ends up moving to an orbit that is closer to the Sun, what happens to the other asteroid?

As shown in the animation, Earth has two tidal bulges at all times. Approximately where are these bulges located?

Most people are familiar with the rise and fall of ocean tides, but do tides also affect land?

Any particular location on Earth experiences __________.

One tidal bulge faces toward the Moon because that is where the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon is strongest. Which of the following best explains why there is also a second tidal bulge?

As you watch the animation, notice that the size of the tidal bulges varies with the Moon's phase, which depends on its orbital position relative to the Sun. Which of the following statement(s) accurately describe(s) this variation?

You have found that tides on Earth are determined primarily by the position of the Moon, with the Sun playing only a secondary role. Why does the Moon play a greater role in causing tides than the Sun?

Consider Earth and the Moon. As you should now realize, the gravitational force that Earth exerts on the Moon is equal and opposite to that which the Moon exerts on Earth. Therefore, according to Newton's second law of motion __________.