Business Ethics Final (BUS 340)

29 August 2022
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A decade after wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone park their presence was discovered to
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c. have changed the behavior of elk.
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A fact about job satisfaction is
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c. a lack of job satisfaction can create mental health problems.
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A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that postal workers who tested positive for drug use in a pre-employment urine test were at least 50 percent more likely to be
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d. fired, injured, disciplined, or absent than those who tested negative.
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A whistle-blower
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d. far from being disloyal, may be acting in the best interest of the organization.
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According the chapter, company monitoring of employees often gathers personal information without
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a. informed consent from employees.
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According to Holmes Rolston III,
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b. some natural objects are morally considerable in their own right, apart from human interests.
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According to Professor Norman Bowie, which of the following factors is primarily relevant to the motivation of whistle-blowers?
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d. public interest morally outweighs loyalty to the organization.
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According to the traditional law of agency, which statement is true?
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b. employees are under a legal obligation to act loyally and in good faith and to carry out lawful instructions.
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Advocates of "comparable worth"
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d. women and men should be paid on the same scale for doing equivalent jobs and different jobs involving equivalent skill, effort, and responsibility.
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Affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment are connected to
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b. job discrimination.
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Animal manure
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b. is a large source of pollution.
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Cost-benefit analysis
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a. involves value judgments and factual uncertainties.
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Employers have the right to fire an employee who performs inadequately, but they should do so
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a. as painlessly as possible.
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Fair personnel policies and decisions must be based on criteria that are clear, job related, and
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b. equally applied.
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Groups of 18th century skilled artisans formed secret societies for two basic reasons. Which of the following is one of those reasons?
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a. to equalize their relationship with their employers
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In consideration for the obligation to others
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c. the U.S. uses more than its proportional share of the world's resources.
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In determining the morality of giving and receiving gifts in a business situation, which of the following factors is MOST relevant?
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a. the purpose of the gift and whether the gift might influence the recipient's judgment.
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In the 1997 case of U.S. v. Hagan, the Supreme Court found that Hagan
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d. had misappropriated confidential information.
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In the interview process, the interview should avoid rudeness, coarseness, condescension, and
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b. hostility.
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Insider trading is
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a. the buying or selling of stocks (or other financial securities) by business "insiders" on the basis of information that has not yet been made public and is likely to affect the price of the stock.
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Male managers frequently assume that women
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d. are too emotional to be good managers.
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Many Americans oppose what issue because they fear it will mean in practice, illegal quotas, preferential treatment of African Americans and women, and even reverse discrimination against white men?
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a. affirmative action
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Of the four types of discharge firing
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b. for-cause dismissal-the result of employee theft, gross insubordination, release of proprietary information, and so on.
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One message that sexual harassment conveys is that managers view women as
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d. playthings.
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One of the seven factors given to help minimize the chances of setting unfair wages and salaries is that
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c. An employer's financial capabilities affect what constitutes a fair wage scale for that employer's employees.
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One of the three chief sources for dissatisfaction in the workplace is
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d. lack of opportunities to be one's own boss.
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One truth about factory farms is
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b. they are larger than ever.
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Out of these four, which one is the only correct statement concerning OSHA?
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a. Critics call OSHA a "toothless tiger".
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Privacy
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b. must be respected if we are to function as complete, self-governing agents.
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Sexual comments that one woman appreciates might distress another women. The courts decide when such behavior is inappropriate by seeing if the behavior would be offensive to
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c. the hypothetical "reasonable person"
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Tests are designed to measure the applicants's skills in verbal, quantitative, and
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c. logic.
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The hiring process needs to include screening, testing, and
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c. interviewing.
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The moral theorist William T. Blackstone claims that the right to a livable environment
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c. is a fundamental human right.
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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act marked an important advance for several reasons one of which is that it
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c. makes it illegal for executives to retaliate against employees who report possible violations of federal law.
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The use of one's official position for what always raises moral concerns and questions?
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d. personal gain
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There are two types of sexual harassment,
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d. "quid pro quo'' and "hostile work environment.''
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To answer the question of who determines what is objectionable or offensive in sexual harassment, the courts use what kind of hypothetical person?
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a. reasonable person
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To be successful any test used by a corporation must be:
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b. valid
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To resolve difficult moral dilemmas, the better we understand the exact ramifications of the alternatives-the more likely we are
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a. to make a sound moral decision.
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Today most large corporations not only accept the necessity of affirmative action but also find that _____ benefits when they make themselves more diverse?
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b. the bottom line
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Used properly, personality tests serve two purposes in the work place. Which of the following is one of those purposes?
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a. personality tests help screen applicants for jobs by indicating areas of adequacy and inadequacy.
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When an employee's interests are likely to interfere with the employee's ability to exercise proper judgment on behalf of the organization, what exists?
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b. a conflict of interest
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When employees at all occupational levels are asked to rank what is important to them, the order that put them in is:
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b. interesting work; sufficient help, support, and information to accomplish the job; enough authority to carry out the work; and good pay
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When investigators sent equally qualified young white and black men-all of them articulate and conventionally dressed-to apply for entry-level jobs in Chicago and Washington, D.C., the results clearly showed
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b. racial discrimination against young African-American men.
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Which act provides sweeping new legal protection for employees who report possible securities fraud, making it unlawful for companies to "discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, harass, or in any other manner discriminate against" them?
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a. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
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Which is the best argument for legally protecting trade secrets?
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b. Employees who disclose trade secrets violate the confidentiality owed to their employers
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Which of the following is an example of sexual harassment?
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a. a female employer suggesting sexual offers to a male employee
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Which of the following is the most plausible argument AGAINST affirmative action?
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c. Affirmative action violates the principle of equality.
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Which of these statements is true concerning court cases about discrimination?
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d. in the University of Michigan cases (Gratz and Grutter), the Supreme Court upheld moderate, flexible affirmative action programs
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Whistle-blowing involves exposing activities that are
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b. harmful, immoral, or contrary to the public interest.
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A bribe is remuneration for the performance of an act that's inconsistent with the work contract or the nature of the work one has been hired to perform.
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True
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A workplace environment in which employees are treated fairly and their inherent dignity respected is compatible with a firm's business goals.
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True
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According to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual provision to the contrary, every employment is employment at will and either side is free to terminate it at any time without advance notice or reason.
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True
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According to Jennifer Moore the real reason insider trading should be prohibited is that it undermines the fiduciary relationship that is at the heart of business management.
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True
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According to Joel Feinberg, future generations of people have a right to be born.
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False
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Businesses often claim polygraphs are a fast and economical way to verify the information provided by a job applicant.
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True
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By definition, whistle-blowing can only be done by a past or present member of the organization.
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True
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Environmental protection is always a static trade-off, with a fixed economic price to be paid for the gains we want.
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False
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In a handful of American cities local ordinances prohibit discrimination against those who are short or overweight.
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True
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Kantians would support repudiate job discrimination as necessary to respect people as ends in themselves.
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False
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No set of assumptions about human nature is absolutely correct or incorrect, nor is there one perfectly right way to manage.
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True
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One of the attitudes prevalent in business that has led to increased environmental problems is the tendency to view the natural world as a free and unlimited good.
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True
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OSHA requires safeguards whether or not they are "feasible."
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False
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Tampering with the ecosystem always has injurious effects.
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False
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The breaking up of jobs into smaller and smaller units, with each worker performing fewer tasks but repeating them thousands of times a day, has contributed to health problems in manufacturing.
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True
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.
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True
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The Employee Polygraph Protection Act permits most private employers to use lie detectors in "pre-employment testing."
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False
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The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 forbids companies to pay kickbacks in the United States, but permits them to pay kickbacks to companies outside the United States.
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False
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The general proposition that a firm has a legitimate interest only in employee behavior that significantly influences work performance applies equally to off-the-job conduct.
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True
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The key purpose of quality of work life (QWL) programs is to involve workers more fully in the production process by seeking their ideas.
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True
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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act weakened legal protections for whistle blowers.
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False
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The word "ecology" refers to the science of the interrelationships among organisms and their environment.
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True
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Traditionally, the obligations between a business organization and its employees could be boiled down to "A fair wage for an honest day's work."
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True
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When most people fire another employee, they do it with great joy.
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False
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When weighing the decisions to terminate employees, companies need to remember that employment affects families and communities, not just individuals.
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True