Biology Test 1 Review

Scientists use a general process known as _________________________ to ask and answer questions about nature.

Using a type of logic known as ___________________________________ a generalized confusion can often be drawn from a large number of specific observations.

Is a proposed explanation for a set of observations. It leads to predictions that can be tested by additional observations or by experiments.

Uses "if...then" logic to proceed from a general hypothesis to specific predictions of results that can be expected if the general premise is true.

A hypothesis must be testable and __________________-- there must be some observation or experiment that could show that it is not true.

Involves both an experimental group and a control group, which are alike except for the one variable that the experiment is designed to test.

A ____________ is broader in scope than a hypothesis, is supported by a large body of evidence, and generates many new hypotheses.

The steps of scientific method must be followed in any particular order.

Why is it helpful to form a hypothesis?

A factor that can change during an experiment.

A ______________________ in an experiment yields data against which other groups are compared.

An ______________________________ differs from the control group by the one variable that is being tested in the experiment

The complexity of living systems ______________________________________

Organisims with prokaryotic cells are separated into two ______________ Bacteria and Archaea

__________________ are the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes.

Most of the prokaryotes known as ____________________ live in extreme environments, such as salty lakes.

All organisms with eukaryotic cells are grouped in domain _________________-

Kingdom _______________ consists of multicellular eukaryotes that produce their food by photosynthesis.

Kingdom _______________ includes eukaryotic organisms that mostly decompose organic wastes and absorb nutrients into their cells.

Kingdom ________________ consists of multicellular eukaryotes that obtain their food by ingesting (Eating) other organisms.

Homeostasis

Prokaryotic cells are found in the domains _____________________.

In the five kingdom system, prokaryotes are placed in the kingdom _______________________

A human is classified in domain __________________ and kingdom ______________________

A rose bush is classified in domain __________________ and kingdom __________________________

Which kingdom consists primarily of unicellular eukaryotes?

Why were fungi classified in the kingdom Plantae?

There is(are) ___________ eukaryotic domain(s).

In a person without diabetes, which of the following is true?

Which of the following is true regarding the new artificial pancreas?

What is an atomic number?

Which of these refers to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses?

Atoms with the same number of protons but with different electrical charges __________________.

In salt, what is the nature of the bond between sodium and chlorine?

An ionic bond involves ___________________.

What name is given to the bond between water molecules?

What type of bond joins two hydrogen atoms?

A(n) ___________ refers to two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

The unequal sharing of electrons within a water molecule makes the water molecule _____________________.

The tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward itself is referred to as its

Which statement must be mentioned in explaining why amphipathic molecules line up at a water surface?

Water has surface tension because...?

What is another name for a condensation reaction?

What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken?

Carbohydrate polymers are made up of ___________________ monomers.

Nucleic acid polymers are made up of __________________ monomers.

Protein polymers are made up of _____________________ monomers.

Glycogen is _______________________________.

Name one of the polysaccharides.

What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth?

In fat synthesis, ___________________ and fatty acids combine to make fats plus __________________.

In the reaction that builds a fat, ________________________ groups react with ____________________ groups.

What do DNA, proteins, and fats have in common?

Lipids are diverse compounds that are grouped together because they are ________________________.

A fat molecule is composed of two types of smaller molecules: _____________________ an fatty acids.

A fatty acid consists of a _______________________ and a long hydrocarbon chain.

_________________________________ have one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains and are usually found in vegetable oils.

The hydrocarbon chains of ___________________________ are not kinked, and thus pack closely together, making animal fats solid at room temperature.

____________________________ are a major component of cell membranes. They form a bilayer with their hydrophobic tails mingling together and their hydrophilic heads facing the watery environment on both sides of the membrane.

___________________ are lipids with a structure consisting of four fused rings. Many sex hormones are made from this type of lipid.

Proteins are polymers of ____________________

What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?

The secondary structure of a protein results from _________________.

The two strands of DNA double helix are held together by ______________ that form between pairs of nitrogenus bases.

DNA is composed of building blocks called ____________________.

Nucleic acids are polymers of _______________.

The monomers of nucleic acids consist of a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar and a _________________________.

_________ provides directions for its own replication. it also directs cell activities by providing instructions for building proteins.

A gene provides the directions to build a molecule of _______; the genetic instructions it carries are then translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein.

A polynucleotide has a repeating __________________________ backbone.

The structure of DNA is a _______________, held together by the complementary base-pairing of cytosine with guanine, and adenine with thymine.

RNA usually consists of a single _______________________ strand.