The flow of information in a cell proceeds in what sequence?
answer
from DNA to RNA to protein
question
A codon consists of _____ bases and specifies which _____ will be inserted into the polypeptide chain.
answer
three ... amino acid
question
Where does RNA polymerase begin transcribing a gene into mRNA?
answer
It starts after a certain nucleotide sequence called a promoter.
question
What is the function of RNA polymerase?
answer
It unwinds the double helix and adds nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA.
question
After an RNA molecule is transcribed from a eukaryotic gene, what are removed and what are spliced together to produce an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence?
answer
introns ... exons
question
What is a ribozyme?
answer
a biological catalyst made of RNA
question
Which one of the following is true of tRNAs?
answer
Each tRNA binds a particular amino acid.
question
How is translation initiated?
answer
The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA. The tRNA bearing methionine binds to the start codon. The large ribosomal subunit binds to the small one. The start codon signals the start of translation.
question
What does a mutagen cause?
answer
a change in the sequence of DNA
question
Which of these is currently considered the best definition of a gene?
answer
A gene codes for either a polypeptide or an RNA molecule.
question
The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following?
answer
A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.
question
The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?
answer
ATP, RNA, and DNA
question
Alternative RNA splicing
answer
can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA.
question
Which of the following is a function of a signal peptide?
answer
to translocate polypeptides across the ER membrane
question
Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the
answer
bonding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs.
question
What is the effect of a nonsense mutation in a gene?
answer
It introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA.
question
Of the following, which is the most current description of a gene?
answer
a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: either RNA or polypeptide
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