BIOL&170 - Digestive System

small intestines The small intestines are part of the digestive system, not an accessory organ.

liver The liver will process and store nutrients as well as producing bile for emulsification. The gallbladder stores the bile and sends it to the small intestine. The pancreas produces pancreatic juices and insulin. The stomach will secrete acid and digestive enzymes as well as absorb nutrients. The small intestine will mix chyme with digestive enzymes, absorb nutrients, and secrete digestive enzymes into the blood.

physically making food smaller and easier to handle. The process of mechanical digestion includes physically making food smaller and easier to handle.

to protect against pathogens The immune system protects against pathogens.

submucosa. The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the submucosa.

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus The digestive system begins at the mouth and includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside in order are the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis, and the serosa.

peritonitis. A burst appendix may lead to a life threatening condition called peritonitis.

uvula. The uvula is the fleshy extension of the soft palate.

bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar. Dental caries or cavities occur when bacteria within the mouth metabolize sugar.

gastroesophageal reflux disease. GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) can also cause intense chest pain.

peristalsis. The rhythmic contractions of the digestive tract that allow movement of foodstuff is called peristalsis.

rugae The mucosa of the stomach has deep folds called rugae that greatly increase the capacity of the stomach.

duodenum The duodenum is part of the small intestine, not the stomach.

chyme. The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called chyme.

Trypsin-carbohydrates Trypsin is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas that digests proteins.

gastric pits Gastric pits are located in the stomach.

diarrhea and bloating. Lactose intolerance may cause diarrhea and bloating.

liver. The largest gland in the body is the liver. It lies in the abdominal cavity.

It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. As an exocrine gland it secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct. As an endocrine gland it secretes insulin into the blood.

It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. The major portions of the large intestine include the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.

liver Since the liver removes iron from the blood, it is affected by hemochromatosis.

Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases. Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases.

18.5 to 24.9. A healthy BMI is in the range of 18.5 to 24.9. A BMI in the range of 25 to 29.9 is considered an overweight BMI. A BMI in the range of 30 or higher is considered an obese BMI. A BMI in the range of 40 or higher is considered a morbidly obese BMI. A BMI of 50 or higher is not measured on the BMI chart.

Brain cells require glucose. Brain cells require glucose and are unable to convert fatty acids to glucose.

Use butter instead of herbs and spices. Using butter instead of herbs and spices is not recommended for reducing dietary lipids.

calcium Calcium is important for all of these.

C, E, and A Vitamins C, E, and A are believed to defend the body against free radicals and are therefore termed antioxidants.

iodine Iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis and too little results in a thyroid deficiency.

vitamin E Vitamin E is a fat soluble vitamin.

young women. Young women are most affected by anorexia nervosa.

True. Swallowing has a voluntary phase. However, once food or drink is pushed back far enough, swallowing becomes a reflex action.