BIO182 Chapter 22 MasteringBiology Homework

-Part A Charles Darwin _____.

-Part A Which of the following statements about natural selection is true?

Part B Which term describes a trait that increases an individual's ability to survive in a particular environment?

Part C Which term describes the ability of a trait to be passed on to offspring?

Part D Which of the following organisms could be produced by artificial selection?

Part E Which pair of chickens should a farmer breed to produce larger chickens?

Part F A farmer wishes to develop a strain of high-yield corn that is also resistant to drought. He has the following individuals from the current year's crop: Individual A—Yield: 179 bushels/acre; drought resistance: high Individual B—Yield: 220 bushels/acre; drought resistance: low Individual C—Yield: 185 bushels/acre; drought resistance: medium Individual D—Yield: 140 bushels/acre; drought resistance: high Individual E—Yield: 200 bushels/acre; drought resistance: medium Which of the following crosses would produce the highest corn yield with the highest resistance to drought?

Part A From his observations of organisms in the Galapagos islands, Darwin reasoned that _____.

Part A - Identifying the elements of hypothesis-based science This experiment is an example of hypothesis-based science. What question did the researchers ask?

Part B What was the researchers' main hypothesis?

Part C Researchers further hypothesized that if predation pressure is reduced, drab coloration would become less beneficial (since females prefer brightly colored mates). Based on this hypothesis, what prediction did the researchers test in this experiment?

Part D What was the control group in this study?

Part E What was the experimental group in this study?

Part F How did the types of data the researchers collected enable them to test their prediction?

Part G - Interpreting the data What conclusion would you draw from the data presented?

Part H Which of the following would help strengthen the researchers' conclusion?

Part I - Making and testing a prediction Suppose that after 22 months, guppies from the transplanted population were returned to the source pool. What would most likely happen to those guppies?

Part J What data should you collect in order to test your prediction?

Part A - Scientific evidence supporting evolution Scientific evidence documents the pattern of evolution. The evidence exists in a variety of categories, including direct observation of evolutionary change, the fossil record, homology, and biogeography. Sort the following examples into the correct categories. Drag each phrase to the appropriate bin.

Part B - Phylogenetic trees and geographic relationships

Part C - Natural selection in monkey flowers Select the three statements that are true

Part A Which of the following is(are) homologous to the bones in this image?

Part B The wing of a bat is homologous to the _____ of a whale.

Part A Identify the four postulates of natural selection. Select all that apply.

Part B Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 1 and 2 of natural selection?

Part C Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection?

Part D Does the ability of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell to infect a new host depend on its drug-resistant phenotype?

Part E Which of the following statements describes the evolution by natural selection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in their new environment?

Part F In the United States today, about half of the corn crop is genetically engineered with a protein that is toxic to corn borers, an insect pest of corn. Which of the following conditions would be necessary for evolution of resistance to the toxic protein to occur in the corn borer?

Part G True or false? It would be difficult to assess whether the drug-susceptible or drug-resistant phenotype in a population of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was more fit in an environment without antibiotics.

Part A A challenge to traditional (pre-1860) ideas about species came from embryology, when it was discovered that _____.

Part A Can you match these prefixes, suffixes, and word roots with their definitions?

Part B Can you match these prefixes, suffixes, and word roots with their definitions?

Part A Why did dark-colored rock pocket mice first appear in a population of light-colored rock pocket mice?

Part B Why do dark-colored rock pocket mice on dark lava flows have white bellies?

Part C Mutations are always __________.

Part D When dark-colored fur gives mice a 1% competitive advantage and 1% of the population begins with dark fur, in about 1000 years, 95% of the population will have dark fur. Which of the following statements is true?

Part E What does Dr. Carroll mean when he says, "while mutation is random, natural selection is not"? Select all that apply

Part F In the lab, Nachman examined dark mice from two different populations living hundreds of miles apart. The mice looked nearly identical. Their dark color was caused by two different genes. What does this tell you?

Part A When Charles Darwin set sail on the HMS Beagle, what did he and most of his contemporary scientists think about the origin of species?

Part B Which observations led Darwin to establish a relationship between extinct and living animals? Select all that apply.

Part C After his journey on the HMS Beagle, Darwin made this now-famous sketch in his notebook. Which ideas does it represent?

Part D Darwin and Wallace independently arrived at the same conclusion that species change over time. Which observations supported their conclusions? Select all that apply.

Part E What did Wallace conclude from observing that the bones in manatee flippers look similar to the bones in a human arm and hand?

Part F As Wallace traveled the Malay Archipelago, he noticed that western islands had placental mammals, like monkeys. Eastern islands had marsupial mammals, like kangaroos. How did Wallace explain this distribution?

Part G Darwin and Wallace made independent observations in different parts of the world. Which statements are true? Select all that apply