Bio Quiz Unit 3

ATP can turn into ADP by a phosphate group being removed and the bond being broken. this releases energy and the molecule turns into ADP.

food molecules are most commonly broken down to make ATP

Chemosynthesis. this allows for an organism to create energy-storing carbon-based molecules using chemical energy instead of light energy.

Chlorophyll is a molecule inside the chloroplast that absorbs energy from light. plants have two types. chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b together they absorb red and blue wavelengths of energy. Plants also have the ability to absorb green energy waves. This is important because the energy absorbed by chlorophyll is curtail to the cells.

Sunlight enters into the chloroplast into the chlorophyll where it is absorbed. The chlorophyll is held in the grana inside individual thylakoid membranes. the energy from being absorbed is then transferred along the thylakoid membrane where water molecules are broken down and oxygen molecules are released. this first part is part of the light dependent reaction. Next is the light independent reaction. This reaction uses energy from the dependent reaction. carbon dioxide is added to a cycle of chemical reactions to build larger molecules. A molecule of simple sugar is formed(typically glucose) it stores some of the energy captured by photosynthesis.

strong light to provide lots of energy and maybe some water added to it because photosynthesis needs sunlight and water.

Photosynthesis is important to plant cells because cells need energy in order to preform duties in keeping their organelle alive. Photosynthesis is curtail to provide plants with the proper nutrition they need.

Photosystem 2 absorbs the energy and transfers it to the etc(electron transport chain). Photosystem 1 copies photosystem 2 and absorbs sunlight. The only difference is that in photosystem 2 enzymes break down water molecules. o2, H+, and electrons are all separated. and the H+ are moved by electrons.Photosystem 1 takes energized electrons NADP+ and adds a molecule turning it into NADPH. The photosystems work together to create a the proper energy.

The light dependent absorbs energy and breaks down water, produces O2, and carries the energy on. This energy in the sugar created by the dependent is used to power the independent. which uses CO2 to build big molecules and form a simple sugar.(C6H12O6)

The Carbon cycle takes CO2 from the atmosphere and then ATP and NADPH is used to turn the 6-carbon chain into 2 three-carbon chains. One high energy carbon molecule leaves for every 3 normal carbon molecules. energy from ATP is used to turn the 3-carbon back into a 5-carbon. This energy from ATP comes from food and the carbon from the atmosphere bonds with the ATP to make a bigger molecule to feed the cells.

equation: 6CO2+6H2O->->C6H12O6+6O2 which is carbon dioxide+water goes through light and enzymes produce a sugar and oxygen. this is the simplified process because carbon dioxide and water are needed and they do go through light and enzymes to produce sugar and oxygen, but there is more to them. Its more complex in the places it goes and what is added to get a end result.

glycolysis is part of cellular respiration. glycolysis splits glucose into 2 three-carbon molecules and makes two molecules of ATP. This product is taken to the Krebs cycle. all part of cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration as a whole is aerobic(needs oxygen to take place) although Glycolysis is anaerobic (doesn't need oxygen). The Krebs cycle takes glycolysis three-carbon molecule and breaks it down through a cycle of chemical reactions. some ATP is made and CO2 is released as waste. the energy is then taken and transferred through a serious of proteins. In the etc. a large amount of ATP is made. Oxygen enters and is used to make water. the water and some heat are given off as waste products.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are almost opposites. their equations are opposite. photosynthesis uses the products of cellular respiration. It converts energy from sunlight into sugar . Cellular respiration needs the products of photosynthesis and it releases energy from sugar to make ATP that the cells use.

No. glucose is used in glycolysis which uses no oxygen and therefore glucose is not aerobic.

pyruvate is used in the Krebs cycle of cellular respiration. It works with carbon dioxide to create large molecules and recycles molecules.

The Krebs cycle rearranges and splits and bonds carbon dioxide and ATP, causing energy to be formed and sugar to be produced.

electrons help by transporting energy throughout the cell. Hydrogen ions are a product and help keep the concentration gradient. Oxygen is needed to bond with and split up atoms that are used in the etc.

The cycles are similar because they produce energy and sugar. they are different because the Calvin Cycle requires carbon dioxide and the Krebs cycle uses 3-carbon molecules.

Yes. Oxygen is used to help with the separation of water molecules which are used to produce and move ATP.

Fermentation is a process that takes place that allows for glycolysis to take place without the use of oxygen. Fermentation is used in food and humans .

pyruvate and NADH from glycolysis enter into alcoholic fermentation. 2 NADH molecules provide energy to break down the pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide. As the NADH is used it convert back into NAD+. the molecule of NAD+ is recycled back into glycolysis and that allows glycolysis to continue.

They are similar because they both use NAD+ and NADH and recycle them to keep glycolysis going they are different because lactic acid create 2 lactic acid chains while alcoholic produces. 2 alcohol and 2 carbon dioxide chains.

Cellular respiration uses glycolysis so does fermentation. cellular respiration uses oxygen, fermentation doesn't. Fermentation produces: 2 lactic acid chains and2 alcohol and 2 carbon dioxide chains. Cellular respiration produces simple sugar.