Bio II Diversity Lab Midterm

25 July 2022
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question
If organisms A and B both possess wings and are the only extant organisms that possess wings, what can we infer about the evolution of the wing trait? http://imageprocessor.websimages.com/fit/1920x1920/kagewarrior.webs.com/Q2_tree.png
answer
It is likely that ancestor 1 also possessed wings.
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Traditional ideas of relatedness among organisms have been revised mainly based on _________.
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advances in molecular technology
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In this phylogeny, which of the following organisms are extinct? http://imageprocessor.websimages.com/fit/1920x1920/kagewarrior.webs.com/Q2_tree.png
answer
D
question
You will complete 'The Great Clade Race' exercise in class. The exercise asks that you imagine runners navigating through what type of habitat?
answer
Woods
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A ___________ ____________ is a diagram that shows the hypothesized evolutionary relationships among species.
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Phylogenetic tree
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Which of these pairs of organisms likely had the most recent common ancestor? -Bat and Bird -Fish and Frog -Dog and Wolf
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Dog and wolf
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Using the phylogeny below, which of the following is the most recent common ancestor for organisms B and E? http://imageprocessor.websimages.com/fit/1920x1920/kagewarrior.webs.com/Q2_tree.png
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3
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In this phylogeny, which of the following is an ancestor of organism C? http://imageprocessor.websimages.com/fit/1920x1920/kagewarrior.webs.com/Q2_tree.png
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3
question
Which of the following is most likely an example of convergent evolution?
answer
That both birds and dragonflies possess wings.
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True or False? When constructing a phylogenetic tree, it is most logical to use the highest number of branches to explain the similarities/differences among organisms.
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False
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In the "Disprovable Trees" exercise, you will be inferring relationships among organisms using what information?
answer
Skeletal similarities/dissimilarities
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In the phylogeny below, the two extant organisms that are most closely related to each other are... http://imageprocessor.websimages.com/fit/1920x1920/kagewarrior.webs.com/Q2_tree.png
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A and B
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Which one of the following phylogenies is different from the others? http://imageprocessor.websimages.com/fit/1920x1920/kagewarrior.webs.com/Untitled.png
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4
question
Traits used to determine relatedness among organisms must __________.
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be heritable
question
Identify the bacillus bacteria. http://imageprocessor.websimages.com/fit/1920x1920/kagewarrior.webs.com/compCheck_Q5_v2.png
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C
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True/False: You should begin viewing a specimen with the 10X objective lens.
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False
question
Select the two domains of life that you will be learning about during the prokaryote lab exercises.
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Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea
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Given that penicillin is an antibiotic that inhibits enzymes from catalyzing the synthesis of peptidoglycan, which prokaryotes should be most vulnerable to inhibition by penicillin?
answer
Gram-positive bacteria
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When viewing the Rhodospirillum and cyanobacteria it is necessary to use the ______ _______ technique and avoid trapping air by properly placing the _________.
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Wet mount, coverslip
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You are looking at bacterial cells through a compound light microscope. The objective you are using magnifies objects at 40X, and the ocular magnification is 10X. What is the total magnification of the bacteria cells?
answer
400X
question
Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
answer
Chloroplast : Archaea
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The cell walls of all bacteria contain ______________, though the arrangement and quantity of this molecule can vary by species.
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Peptidoglycan
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Once staining and rinsing are complete, you will dry the slide by _______.
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Pressing it between sheets of bibulous paper
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Once you have turned on the light source for the compound microscope you can adjust the amount of light seen through the oculars by adjusting the ___________.
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Iris diaphragm
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The largest species in Kingdom Protista belongs to what supergroup?
answer
Supergroup Stramenopila
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Which member of Kingdom Protista is characterized by moving using pseudopodia and capturing food via phagocytosis?
answer
Amoeba spp.
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Which member of Kingdom Protista is the closest relative to the land plants?
answer
Chlorophytes
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__________ is a behavioral, directional response to a stimulus.
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Taxis
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Because they are mostly clear, you may need to lower the __________ when trying to view the amoebae under the microscope.
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Light Intensity
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Green algae are more closely related to plants than they are to kelp.
answer
True
question
Most dinoflagellates possess heavy plates made of what substance?
answer
Cellulose
question
The largest species in Kingdom Protista belongs to what supergroup?
answer
Supergroup Stramenopila
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When viewing the Euglena in lab, you should be able to positively identify the _________ and __________.
answer
chloroplasts and stigma
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When viewing protists in this lab, applying a drop of __________ may be necessary to slow the movement of the organisms so they are more easily viewed.
answer
methyl-cellulose
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Which group in Kingdom Protista is responsible for the annual Florida red tide?
answer
Dinoflagellates
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Which organism is unicellular and possesses a feeding groove?
answer
Euglena spp.
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Which organism from Kingdom Protista is most closely related to animals?
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Choanoflagellates
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The function of flagella is:
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Motility
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In the following generalized plant life cycle, what structures and/or processes are being represented by the areas labeled 1, 2, and 3? http://imageprocessor.websimages.com/fit/1920x1920/kagewarrior.webs.com/plantLifeCycle_CompExam_q10_v2.png
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1 = meiosis, 2 = spores, 3 = gametes
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Select the response that best completes the following statement: Members of Phylum Pteridophyta possess vascular tissue, and as a result are able to...
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grow taller than non-tracheophyte plants.
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Common characteristics supporting the idea that the first land plants were related to green algae include __________.
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e. a and b only
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Which of the following statements is likely untrue regarding a land plant that is 20 feet tall and lives in a swamp?
answer
It lacks vascular tissue.
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Non-vascular plants include all the following types of plants EXCEPT _________.
answer
whisk ferns
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What is the main difference between the life cycles of members of Phylum Bryophyta and Phylum Pteridophyta?
answer
In Phylum Bryophyta, the gametophyte generation is dominant; whereas in Phylum Pteridophyta, the sporophyte generation is dominant.
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Colonization of land by plants occurred during the Paleozoic era about _________ years ago.
answer
700 million
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At the end of this lab exercise you should be able to identify the _____________ or the ____________ as the dominant portion of the life cycle among the groups.
answer
sporophyte, gametophyte
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When viewing the liverworts, make sure you identify the sexual structures _________ and __________ and understand the role they have in the life cycle.
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antheridia, archegonia
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Select the following characteristics that Phylum Bryophyta possess.
answer
-Rhizoids -Flagellated sperm
question
The stomata you view on the surface of the leaves are used in gas exchange and the guard cells regulate this exchange. What do you think the response of the guard cells will be if you leave the leaf under the microscope lamp for too long?
answer
Guard cells will lost water and the stomata will become narrow.
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Which of the following was not a major evolutionary innovation of the seed plants?
answer
Vascular tissue
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Which of the following structures produce pollen in members of Phylum Anthophyta?
answer
The anther
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Seed bearing plants are grouped into two clades, namely __________ and ____________.
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gymnosperms and angiosperms
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Which gymnosperm is often confused with a palm tree?
answer
cycad
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Fruits are produced by angiosperms to give nutrition to the embryo.
answer
False
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All angiosperms belong to which phylum?
answer
Phylum Anthophyta
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The tomato you examine in the lab develops from what structure in an Angiosperm?
answer
ovary
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Pollination of angiosperms is mediated by __________.
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-insects and birds -wind -water
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The female reproductive parts of a flower are known as the ______________.
answer
pistil