Bio Foundations Final

25 July 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
37 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (33)
question
urethra
answer
The urethra transports urine from the urinary bladder to the world outside the body
question
Urine formed by a kidney collects in the _____ before being drained from the kidney by the _____ and transported to the _____.
answer
renal pelvis ... ureter ...urinary bladder
question
Filtrate is formed as fluid is forced through the walls of the glomerulus and, initially, collects in
answer
Bowman's capsule
question
The _____ are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys.
answer
renal arteries
question
The outer part of the kidney is the _____.
answer
Cortex
question
What is the functional unit of the kidney
answer
Nephron
question
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of flow through the nephron?
answer
Renal corpuscle > proximal tubule > loop of Henle > distal tubule > collecting duct
question
What is the driving force for the filtration of blood by the renal corpuscle?
answer
Higher pressure in glomerular capillaries than in the surrounding Bowman's capsule.
question
Which regions of the nephron function independently of hormonal control for the most part?
answer
Renal corpuscle, proximal tubule, and loop of Henle.
question
In which region of the nephron is a steep osmotic gradient created?
answer
Loop of Henle
question
Which of the following statements best describes the actions of the hormone ADH on the nephron?
answer
ADH causes the collecting duct to increase water reabsorption by the surrounding tissue under conditions of dehydration.
question
The movement of substances out of the glomerulus and into Bowman's capsule is referred to as _____.
answer
Filtration
question
The movement of substances from the blood into the proximal tubule is known as
answer
secretion
question
What is reabsorbed from filtrate?
answer
Sodium chloride, glucose, water, amino acids, and bicarbonate ions
question
As filtrate moves down the loop of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid becomes _____ concentrated than the filtrate, so _____ leaves the filtrate.
answer
More...water
question
The most abundant solute in urine is
answer
urea (and other nitrogenous wastes)
question
The solute concentration of the interstitial fluid increases along a gradient running from
answer
the exterior of the kidney to the center of the kidney
question
Glucose is removed from filtrate by
answer
active transport
question
Under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), _____ is produced.
answer
more concentrated urine
question
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) makes the _____ permeable to water.
answer
collecting duct
question
Voice sounds are produced by the _____.
answer
larynx
question
The primary functions of the _____ are to warm, filter, and humidify air.
answer
nasal cavity
question
Blood returns to the heart via the _____.
answer
pulmonary veins
question
From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.
answer
left atrium
question
From the superior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.
answer
right atrium
question
From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.
answer
inferior vena cava
question
What is the function of circulatory system?
answer
It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body.
question
Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body?
answer
The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body.
question
What is the function of the left ventricle?
answer
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation
question
Valves
answer
are flaps of tissue that close when the ventricles contract to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and also when the ventricles relax to prevent the backflow of blood from exiting vessels to the ventricles
question
Which event occurs first during atrial and ventricular diastole?
answer
The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria
question
Which event of the cardiac cycle occurs when systolic blood pressure is measur
answer
The ventricles contract, carrying blood into the aorta, and blood flows into the relaxed atria
question
Osmoconformers
answer
marine environments Salty H2O, salty tissues, bodies at equilibrium with environment
question
Osmoregulators
answer
Control "osmolarity" "Stuff in our fluids"-solute
question
Marine fish
answer
Live in a hypertonic environment Must excrete solutes Must retain H2O Marine fishes lose water by osmosis and gain electrolytes by diffusion
question
Freshwater fish
answer
Freshwater fishes gain water by osmosis and lose electrolytes by diffusion Live in a hypotonic environment Must excrete H2O Must retain solutes
question
Freshwater fish
answer
f