Bio 2 Chapter 16 Questions

Which of the three domains contain prokaryotic organisms? A. Bacteria B. Archaea C. Eukarya D. Bacteria and Archaea E. Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

In the three domain system of classification, A. eukaryotes are more similar to the prokaryotes now classified into domain Bacteria than to those now classified into domain Archaea. B. animals and plants are less similar to each other than to the prokaryotes now classified into domain Archaea. C. prokaryotes are classified into two domains, with the organisms in domain Archaea more similar to eukaryotes than to the prokaryotes in the domain Bacteria. D. cladistics alone were used to formulate the new phylogenetic tree of life. E. by the principle of parsimony, it required fewer assumptions to divide the prokaryotes into two domains than it did to put them into a single domain.

Which of the following correctly reflects the division of the history of life on Earth, from most inclusive to least inclusive? A. Era - Period - Epoch B. Epoch - Period - Era C. Era - Epoch - Period D. Epoch - Era - Period E. Period - Epoch - Era

All of the following are criteria by which a species may be defined EXCEPT A. the ability to reproduce. B. possession of a shared gene pool. C. ability to hybridize through interbreeding. D. reproductive isolation. E. the ability to produce fertile offspring.

Which of the following is not a prezygotic isolating mechanism for two species found in the same geographical location? A. The two species occupy different habitats. B. The two species are active during different parts of the day. C. The two species mate during different times of the year. D. The two species have incompatible genitalia. E. The two species can mate, but the offspring are sterile.

A zygote fails to undergo mitosis because of a mismatched numbers of chromosomes. This is an example of A. hybrid sterility. B. zygote mortality. C. prezygotic isolation. D. temporal isolation. E. allopatric speciation.

Which of the following is an example of sympatric speciation? A. two populations of salamanders that live on isolated islands and eventually become separate species, unable to interbreed B. different breeds of dog, which live in different areas of the world, but are able to produce fertile offspring C. a horse and a donkey, which may interbreed to produce a mule, which is sterile and unable to reproduce D. two related plant species living in the same area that hybridize, then undergo chromosome doubling, which results in the creation of a third species of plant that is unable to reproduce with either of the two original species E. three species that evolve from a common ancestral species due to reproductive isolation, and adaptation to different habitats

Which of the following correctly shows a possible order of events resulting in allopatric speciation? A. postzygotic reproductive isolation - geographic isolation - natural selection B. geographic isolation - prezygotic reproductive isolation - genetic drift C. geographic isolation - natural selection - prezygotic reproductive isolation D. natural selection - postzygotic reproductive isolation - geographic isolation E. natural selection - prezygotic reproductive isolation - postzygotic reproductive isolation

A major difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation is whether A. resulting species are reproductively isolated or not. B. gene flow continues to occur or not. C. two or three species result. D. geographic isolation is required or not. E. the new species are separated by a prezygotic or postzygotic isolating mechanism.

The finches of the Galápagos islands evolved as a result of what type(s) of speciation? A. allopatric speciation B. adaptive radiation C. sympatric speciation D. both allopatric speciation and adaptive radiation E. both sympatric speciation and adaptive radiation

Significant mass extinctions occurred during which of the following epochs? A. Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Triassic B. Ordovician, Triassic, and Jurassic C. Triassic, Permian, and Cretaceous D. Triassic, Permian, Cretaceous, Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Devonian E. Ordovician, Triassic, Jurassic, Silurian, Eocene, and Oligocene

Which of the following is not thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred through Earth's history? A. plate tectonics B. habitat loss C. meteorite impacts D. continental drift E. punctuated equilibrium

The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear A. gradually; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathway. B. only after older species disappear from the fossil record. C. suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change. D. gradually after long periods of time with little to no change; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathway. E. gradually, but over very short periods of time, so that intermediate species are often observed in the fossil record.

Pinus strobus is the scientific name for the white pine. Pinus is the A. specific epithet. B. genus. C. binomial name. D. family name. E. order name.

A phylogenetic tree A. indicates common ancestors. B. indicates the organism's taxon. C. uses only derived characters. D. indicates common ancestors for each family. E. also includes the organism's order and class.

Similarities due to convergent evolution are called A. analogy. B. homology. C. taxonomy. D. phylogeny. E. cladistics.

Homologous structures. A. have identical functions. B. have fully divergent functions. C. are also called analogous structures. D. are shared by organisms of the same genus. E. are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent.

Which of the following would be considered analogous structures? A. the forelimb of a bat and the forelimb of a horse B. the wings of a fly and the wings of a sparrow C. the pelvis of a human and the pelvis of a whale D. the flipper of a dolphin and the arm of a human E. the wings of a bird and the forelimb of a reptile

Linnaean classification sometimes does not reconcile with cladistics because A. some organisms in the same clade do not have a shared derived trait. B. some organisms in the same taxon are not in the same clade. C. all organisms with a shared derived trait are in the same taxon. D. larger clades include more than one taxon. E. Linnaean classification does not follow the principle of parsimony.

Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here? A. The gibbon is more closely related to the rhesus monkey than to the chimpanzee. B. The galago is more closely related to the green monkey than to the capuchin. C. The green monkey and rhesus monkey share a common ancestor with the gibbon and chimpanzee. D. The gibbon does not share a common ancestor with the chimpanzee or human. E. The green monkey and rhesus monkey share a more recent common ancestor than do the chimpanzee and human.

Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here? A. A combination of molecular data, fossil records, and anatomical homologies show the human is more closely related to the chimpanzee than to the green monkey. B. The green monkey and rhesus monkey cannot reproduce with each other because of a postzygotic isolating mechanism. C. The chimpanzee and human must have evolved as a result of allopatric speciation. D. There is no single common ancestor to all of the organisms displayed on this phylogenetic tree. E. The gibbon and human are no more closely related than the green monkey and human are.

Use of chemical signals in mate recognition is a type of postzygotic isolating mechanism. True False

Allopatric speciation is compatible with both the gradualistic and punctuated equilibrium models of evolution. True False

Three species that arose as a result of adaptive radiation are organized on a cladogram. On this cladogram, two of the species would likely share several characters not present in the third. True False

Convergent evolution gives rise to analogous structures in unrelated taxa. True False

The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of different organisms are often compared as a means to classify them because rRNA genes evolve much more slowly than other genes. True False

The presence of which feature is the first step to being classified in Domain Eukarya? A. membrane-bound nucleus B. ribosomes C. cell wall D. chloroplast E. mitochondria