BIO 101 (Unit 13)

The mRNA is complementary and runs in the reverse direction relative to 5' and 3'.

tRNA

The met amino acid will be attached to the val amino acid.

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA

Jacob and Monod

regulatory gene only

the operator

not transcribed

D

RNA polymerase

the promoter

DNA

GTTACG CAAUGC

5' —> 3'

obesity

is a carrier

0%, because the child must receive the bad gene from both parents

25%

one copy; does not

Doctors were replacing only one gene, and they only had to insert that gene into bone marrow cells.

diabetes, since the target cells are found only in the pancreas

Neurons will develop improperly.

The patient may or may not exhibit symptoms of Alzheimer's.

A healthy 91 year old man.

a protein

REST is found in a wide variety of animals.

Ribosomes are made from RNA and protein. They are used to synthesize protein.

transcription

Most amino acids have more than one codon.

Transcription is making a copy and translation is changing the language.

an inversion mutation that inverts the gene and promoter

deleting the A in position 1

substitution at the T labeled "2"

It is transcribed and translated.

There are no transcription factors for pepsin in cheek cells.

if the DNA was condensed

because control of transcription of mRNA is a major method of controlling gene expression

because a complementary strand of RNA would prevent the binding of tRNA anticodons to the codon

crash drive

only the ticks.

Gene drives would work on fast reproducing mice, but not on slow reproducing sloths.

germ line

endonuclease

salmon

Farmers could use conventional breeding to increase the population of dairy cows that lack horns.

Crispr-Cas9

DNA transfer works between members of the same species and members of different species.

Genetic engineering was successfully done on plants before animals.

Cases of Zika and dengue fever will decrease.

Eliminate all standing water.

engineered males

Following the release of the engineered mosquitoes, the offspring born in the wild will live, but will die before reproducing.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Some stickleback populations became trapped in lakes that formed at the end of the last ice age.

In lakes where there are no large predatory fish, there is no advantage to having pelvic spines. In lakes with dragonfly larvae, pelvic spines can be disadvantageous, allowing the predatory larvae to grab the fish.

To find the location of the gene(s) causing the difference between stickleback populations with and without spines.

It is found in a regulatory region (a "switch") upstream of the coding region of the Pitx1 gene. It occurred in a similar DNA region in freshwater stickleback populations all over the world.

The population of fish with pelvic spines that arrived in the lake at time B evolved a reduced pelvis over time (beginning at time C).

Data obtained by analyzing living fish in lakes show the selective pressures present in different environments. Genetic evidence reveals the precise molecular mechanism responsible for the change in pelvic structures in stickleback populations. If the same morphological changes occur in the fossil record as in living populations, we might deduce that the genetic mechanism discovered in the living populations might be responsible for the changes observed in fossils. The fossil data show a pattern of evolution over long stretches of time.

It provides blueprints for proteins.

Eukaryotic mRNA must be taken outside the nucleus before it can be translated.

The bacterium will produce mRNA, but it will contain extra sequences not found in the eukaryotic mRNA due to transcription of both introns and exons by the bacterium.

UUC

They are involved in transporting the mRNA outside of the nucleus.

insertion

Cells in women have one X condensed.