Astronomy Chapter 17

25 July 2022
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question
On the H-R diagram, red supergiants like Betelguese lie?
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at the top right.
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On the H-R diagram, the Sun lies?
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about the middle of the main sequence.
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For a star of 10 solar masses, its main sequence life span will be?
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only 1/1000th of the Sun.
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In general, the narrower the spectral line of a star?
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the bigger the star is
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In a spectroscopic binary, if a pair shows a combined set of lines tonight, but a maximum split two nights later, its orbital period must be?
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eight days
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Compared to the size of the Sun, between what range of sizes are most stars found?
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0.01 to 100 solar radii
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Star A and star B both have an apparent magnitude of 7.0, but star A is at a distance of 15 pc and star B is at a distance of 30 pc. Which statement below is correct?
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Star A and star B appear to have the same brightness, but actually star B is brighter than star A.
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If a star is found by spectroscopic observations to be about 500 parsecs distant, its parallax is
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.002"
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What is proper motion?
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It is the annual apparent motion of a star across the sky
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A nearby star has a parallax of 0.2 arc seconds. What is its distance?
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5 parsecs
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In the H-R diagram, the bright blue-white stars that dominate the naked eye sky lie to the?
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top left
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The star's color index is a quick way of determining its?
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temperature
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The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram plots ________ against the spectral type or temperature?
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luminosity or absolute magnitude
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How might the most common occurring stars be described, based on our stellar neighborhood?
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M main sequence
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Star A is a main sequence star of spectral type G5 and star B is a red giant of spectral type K2. Which statement below is correct?
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Star A is hotter than star B.
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In order to turn a star's proper motion into its space velocity, we must also know?
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its distance and radial velocity.
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Star A and star B both have an absolute magnitude of 2.0, but star A is at a distance of 50 pc and star B is at a distance of 20 pc. Which statement below is correct?
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Star B appears brighter than star A, but actually star B and star A are the same brightness.
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What is the typical main sequence lifetime of a B-type star?
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20 million years
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Which of the following is the most common type of star?
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low mass main sequence
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Star A is a main sequence star of spectral type F2 and star B is a white dwarf of spectral type B4. Which statement below is correct?
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Star B is hotter than star A.
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At the distance of Jupiter (6 times further away from the Sun than Earth) the amount of sunlight received per square centimeter different by what factor?
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36 times less
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What is the typical main sequence lifetime of a M-type star?
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a trillion years
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Star A and star B both have an absolute magnitude of 2.0, but star A has an apparent magnitude of 5.0 and star B has an apparent magnitude of 7.0. Which statement below is correct?
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Star A appears brighter than star B, but actually star B and star A are the same brightness.
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In what range of masses are most stars found?
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.1 to 100 solar masses
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What physical property of a star does the spectral type measure?
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temperature
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What is the absolute magnitude of our Sun?
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+4.8
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Which type of binary can have their sizes measured directly by photometry?
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eclipsing
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Star A has an absolute magnitude of 2.5 and star B has an apparent magnitude of 2.5, but star A is a main sequence star and star B is a red giant. Which statement below is correct?
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It is impossible to determine how bright these stars are or appear to be relative to one another, given the information above.
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On the H-R diagram, white dwarfs lie Sirius B and Procyon B lie?
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at the lower left.
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The absolute magnitude of a star is its brightness as seen from a distance of?
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ten parsecs.
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Star A and star B both have an apparent magnitude of 4.0, but star A has an absolute magnitude of 1.0 and star B has an absolute magnitude of 7.0. Which statement below is correct?
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Star A and star B appear to have the same brightness, but actually star A is brighter than star B.
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The most famous G type star is?
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the Sun.
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Hipparcos' observations have given us good data on stars out to about?
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200 parsecs.
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What is the typical main sequence lifetime of a G-type star?
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10 billion years
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Procyon lies about 13 light years distant, thus its parallax is about?
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0.25"
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Upon what data do measurements of sizes of eclipsing binaries depend?
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their Doppler shifts and durations of stages of their eclipses
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If a star has a parallax of 0.05", then its distance in light years is about?
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65 light years.
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If a star appears to move back and forth relative to other stars over a six-month period, this motion is due to the star's?
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parallax shift.
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What are the two most important intrinsic properties used to classify stars?
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luminosity and surface temperature
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Stars that have masses similar to the Sun's, and sizes similar to the Earth are?
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white dwarfs.
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What is the single most important characteristic in determining the course of a star's evolution?
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mass
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In comparing first magnitude Deneb with second magnitude Polaris, we find that?
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Deneb appears 2.5 times brighter to us than does Polaris.
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In a spectroscopic binary system, the star showing the larger blue shift is?
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less massive and approaching us at this moment.
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If a star appears to move relative to other stars over a one-year period, this motion is due to the star's?
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true space motion.