Ass. 5

24 July 2022
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question
What evidence is there that the O'Higgins Glacier is being affected by global warming?
answer
It has retreated nine miles in the past 100 years because of melting.
question
How might global warming affect cities that rely on glacial runoff for their water supply?
answer
Cities may face long-term water shortages as the amount of water generated by glacial melt will decline as glaciers shrink.
question
Why has the earth experienced natural climate changes?
answer
In cycles of tens or often hundreds of thousands of years, the earth's tilt and its orbit around the sun gradually change. These natural changes have contributed to dramatic shifts in earth's climate.
question
Why is carbon dioxide so important?
answer
Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases temporarily trap heat energy in the earth's atmosphere, which keeps the earth warm and habitable.
question
What would earth's temperature be without the Greenhouse Effect?
answer
The global temperature would be minus 19 degrees Celsius.
question
What non-renewable resource, when burned, is the leading cause of increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
answer
Coal
question
How can increased carbon dioxide uptake, or sequestration, by global forests change climate?
answer
Net global forest growth removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thus cooling the earth's climate.
question
What is the main reason that the oceans are becoming more acidic?
answer
absorption by the oceans of carbon dioxide generated by burning fossil fuels
question
How much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans on a daily basis?
answer
20 million metric tons
question
What is the chemical reaction responsible for the oceans becoming more acidic?
answer
carbon dioxide reacts with seawater, forming carbonic acid
question
How are oyster larvae affected by ocean acidification?
answer
Oyster larvae cannot grow shells in acidified ocean waters
question
Which of the following are consequences of ocean acidification? Select all that apply
answer
Corals and coral reefs are not able to form their hard skeletons. Clams, mussels, lobsters, and shrimp are not able to form strong enough shells.
question
Because of ocean acidification, the price of which of the following foods is most likely to increase?
answer
shellfish
question
Which of the following is the best statement regarding the graph of atmospheric CO2 concentrations?
answer
Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased by more than 15% over the past 50 years.
question
Which of the following is the best statement regarding the graph of atmospheric CO2 and surface temperature changes over the past 50 years?
answer
This data is consistent with the hypothesis that increased atmospheric concentrations of CO2 may be causing an increase in average surface temperatures.
question
Assume that you wanted to give the impression that, although CO2 levels have indeed increased over the past 50 years, they have not had a significant impact on average surface temperatures. Which of the scales shown in Step 3 would be the best choice?
answer
scale 3
question
Part complete For which of the scales shown in Step 3 is the increase in CO2 concentrations less than 10%
answer
none of the scales
question
Choose the list of predicted trajectories for CO2 concentration that matches them in order with the aggressive, moderate, and minimal control scenarios
answer
C, B, A
question
If the USA adopted and maintained a policy of minimal control of CO2 emissions, what level would we expect its emissions to be in 2020?
answer
2716 MMT
question
Assuming that increasing CO2 concentrations are directly linked to increased surface temperatures, which scenario should result in a reduction of temperatures to below their 1960-1990 averages by 2040?
answer
none of the scenarios
question
Which of the following arguments could be made for NOT adopting an aggressive control strategy worldwide?
answer
All of the above
question
What percentage of the Earth's surface is composed of water?
answer
Approximately 70 percent of the Earth's surface is composed of water.
question
Most of the world's water is found in two locations. The first is the world's oceans. Where is the second location, the one with most of the world's freshwater?
answer
Most of the world's freshwater is locked in the ice at the poles
question
There is one master ocean current that is also the drive belt of our weather systems. What is this current called?
answer
The master ocean current is called the Thermohaline Conveyor.
question
Despite the general stability of the Thermohaline Conveyor at present, future climate changes could alter the temperature and salinity dynamics of the world's oceans amidst rising sea levels, thereby leading to more extreme weather events. What do most scientists point to as the cause for the projected rise in sea level and extreme weather?
answer
Scientists have projected higher sea levels and increases in extreme weather in the coming decades as a result of estimated future global emissions of greenhouse gases, primarily CO2.