APUSH Unit 5 Review

Immigration station for European immigrants located in the New York Harbor 1892-1954, Many European immigrants passed through Ellis Island, while many Asian immigrants passed through Angel Island., Opened in 1892 as a immigration center. New arrivals had to pass rigorous medical and document examinations and pay entry before being allowed into the U.S.

Passed in 1882; banned Chinese immigration in US -- except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials -- because the United States thought of them as a threat. Caused chinese population in America to decrease.

A movement designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into the dominate culture. This social movement was sponsored by the government and concerned citizens. Schools and voluntary associations taught immigrants skills need for citizenship, such as English literacy and American history and government. Courses were also taught in cooking and social etiquette to help learn the ways or native born Americans. Despite these efforts, many immigrants did not wish to abandon their traditions.

Mostly run by middle-class native-born women, settlement houses in immigrant neighborhoods provided housing, food, education, child care, cultural activities, and social connections for new arrivals to the United States. Many women, both native-born and immigrant, developed life-long passions for social activism in the settlement houses. Jane Addams's Hull House in Chicago and Lillian Wald's Henry Street Settlement in New York City were two of the most prominent.

The illegal use of political influence for personal gain

the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City politics and helping immigrants (most notably the Irish) rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s.

Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support.

Passed in 1883, an Act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage

Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them

daughter of Omaha chief who wrote and lectured about the destruction of Native American way of life -- specifically the Ponca peole.

The legal right to vote, extended to African Americans by the Fifteenth Amendment, to women by the Nineteenth Amendment, and to people over the age of 18 by the Twenty-sixth Amendment.

social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association

protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reforms, and fostering efficiency

many progressive leaders put their faith in experts and scientific principles to make society and the workplace more efficient.

A nation's system of programs, benefits, and services that help people meet those social, economic, educational, and health needs that are fundamental to the maintenance of society.

This term applies to newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt (1906).

Procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters

This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.

the ability to use the office of the presidency to promote a particular program and/or to influence Congress to accept the legislative proposals

1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional

a clause that allowed individuals who did not pass the literacy test to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction began; an exceptionto a law based on preexisting circumstances

Direct election of senators, Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.

a reformer who opposes the use of intoxicating beverages

New method of production where one was able to work faster and produce more goods per day at less cost.

head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them.

Authorized the collection of income tax. This made the rich pay their fair share to the government as well as allowing the Underwood-Simmons Tariff of 1913 to lower many tariffs

went on a campaign for awareness of the environment; inspired creation of Yosemite National Park; became president of the Sierra Club, which was devoted to conservation

A writer for McClure's who wrote a series of articles titled The Same of the Cities. He unmasked in his article the alliance between big business and municipal government.

Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English.

1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910, He believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediately. He helped found the Niagara Movement in 1905 to fight for equal rights. He also helped found the NAACP.

An American mechanical engineer. He sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is regarded as the father of scientific management and was one of the first management consultants.

Wrote History of the Standard Oil Company in 1904 which exposed the monpolistic practices of the Standard Oil Company (John D. Rockefeller). Strengthened the movement for outlawing monopolies., A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages.

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.

An attempt to improve the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, this law outlawed interlocking directorates (companies in which the same people served as directors), forbade policies that created monopolies, and made corporate officers responsible for antitrust violations. Benefitting labor, it declared that unions were not conspiracies in restraint of trade and outlawed the use of injunctions in labor disputes unless they were necessary to protect property.

(1896) The Court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory (did not violate black civil rights under the Fourteenth Amendemnt) provide that blacks received accommodations equal to those of whites.

U.S. Battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898; Evidence suggests an internal explosion, however Spanish military was framed by Yellow Journalism; The incident was a catalyst for the Spanish American War

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

The First United States Volunteer Calvary, a mixure of Ivy League athletes and western frontiermen, volunteered to fight in the Spanish-American War. Enlisted by Theodore Roosevelt, they won many battles in Florida and enlisted in the invasion army of Cuba.

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.

An area of one country under the control of another. In China, these areas guaranteed specific trading privileges to each imperialist nation within its respective sphere.

The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.

American Naval officer and historian. He is most famous for his book "The Influence of Sea Power on History" which defined Naval strategy. His philosophies had a major influence on the Navies of many nations resulting in a igniting of naval races between countries.

She was the last ruler of the Hawaiians. She was very enlightened and intelligent, and she called for a new constitution that would increase her power and restore the political power of Hawaiians at the expense of wealthy planters. A group of American businessmen devised a plan to overthrow the monarchy, and Queen Liloukalani was stripped of her power., Assumed the throne in 1891, in the middle of the annexation debate. The Queen attempted in vain to stop the Americans from taking her country from the Hawaiians. She was eventually imprisoned and forced to surrender. Cleveland rightly suspected corruption in the forming of the annexation treaty and stopped it, but McKinley later passed annexation in 1898.

The policy issued by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899 that allowed a nation to trade in any other nation's sphere of influence in China.

Amendment that disclaimed any American designs on Cuban territory; added in the Senate to a joint resolution by Congress in 1898 that declared Cuba independent and demanded withdrawal of Spanish forces.

In 1899 the United States feared that countries with "spheres of influence" in China might choose to limit or restrict trade to and from their respective areas. John Hay avoided any problems with trade by sending notes to each country who held power in China asking them to keep trade open and tariffs low.

Was the Secretary of State in 1899; dispatched the Open Door Notes to keep the countries that had spheres of influence in China from taking over China and closing the doors on trade between China and the U.S.

Harding paid this country $25 million dollars, apologizing for the actions of Teddy Roosevelt when he sponsored the Panama rebellion

Teddy Roosevelt's big stick diplomacy which meant that you could negotiate first, but you had to back it up with force