APUSH Terms And Significance Chapter 20

Definition: South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort Significance: South ignited the fighting of the Civil War, provoked North to assemble army

Definition: The slave states including Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware that did not secede from the Union Significance: Determined which side had upper hand in war, prevented Lincoln from outright eliminating slavery and the North from firing the first shots in order not to deter these states

Definition: region of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois that had been settled primarily by Southern settlers who had carried racial prejudices across the Ohio River Significance: hotbed for pro-southern sentiment during the war

Definition: mountainous region that broke away from Virginia in 1861 to form its own state after Virginia seceded from the Union Significance: most of the inhabitants of the "mountain white" were independent farmers and miners who did not own slaves and thus opposed the Confederate cause

Definition: incident in which a Union ship north of Cuba stopped a British mail steamer, the Trent, and forcibly removed two Confederate diplomats bound for Europe Significance: first major Anglo-American crisis, outraged Britons who demanded release of prisoners and an apology, slow communication eased tensions but Lincoln reluctantly released prisoners

Definition: British built ship active from 1862-1864 that acted as a Confederate warship that raided Union shipping during the Civil War Significance: established Britain as the chief naval base of the Confederacy, angered Northern Yankees

Definition: two Confederate warships being constructed in the shipyard of John Laird in Great Britain that we designed to destroy Union wooden ships Significance: US minister Adams threaten full war with Britain if they dispatched ships, this caused London government to retract last minute and bought the two ships for the Royal Navy

Definition: established by British parliament in 1867 to strengthen Canada Significance: British wanted to protect Canada from possible threats from a reunited America after the Civil War

Definition: King of France who dispatched a French army to occupy Mexico City in 1863, and the following year he established archduke Maximilian of Austria as emperor of Mexico Significance: flagrant violation of the Monroe Doctrine, North aided Mexican resistance movement, after Civil War, Napoleon withdrew forces from Mexico after realizing there was too much risk attached

Definition: petition requiring law enforcement officers to present detained individuals before a court to determine the legality of the arrest Significance: Lincoln defied the Constitution and suspended this right during the Civil War, leaving people unprotected against arbitrary state action

Definition: uprising, mostly of working-class Irish immigrants, in protest of the Union draft particularly due to the fact that the rich could purchase their way out of enlistment Significance: illustrated the draft was unfair and displayed New York as a hotbed of Democratic spirit

Definition: act passed in 1861 that increased existing duties 5-10% and soon increased even more due to war necessities Significance: enacted both to raise federal revenue for war and to protect internal manufacturing in the North

Definition: paper currency issues by the Union treasury during the Civil war that fluctuated in value Significance: indirectly taxed greenback holders, who were victims of inflation

Definition: authorized by Congress in 1863 that launched partly to stimulate the sale of government bonds and to establish a standard currency Significance: first significant step taken towards s unified baking network since Andrew Jackson destroyed the Bank of the United States in 1836

Definition: a federal law passed in 1862 that sold settlers 160 acres of land for $30 if they had lived on the land for five year and improved it in some way Significance: helped make land more accessible to many westward moving settlers, but many people also found disappointment when their land was infertile of they saw speculators getting the best land

Definition: government agency established in 1861 that trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals in an effort the help the union army Significance: helped to professionalize nursing and gave many women confidence in the women's movement in the postwar years