APUSH Cold War (Part 1 Of 2)

Cold war competition in 1950's between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons Sig: The idea behind the cold war-- each side builds arms upon arms

In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. When the invasion ended in disaster, President Kennedy took full responsibility for the failure. Sig: Failure in overthrowing Fidel Castro.

the willingness to go to the brink of war to force an opponent to back down Sig: The relationship between the U.S. and Russia during the Cold War

an international crisis in October 1962, when the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later. Sig:, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR.

Eisenhower proposed and obtained a joint resolution from Congress authorizing the use of U.S. military forces to intervene in any country that appeared likely to fall to communism. Sig: Used in the Middle East.

The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was an investigating committee which investigated what it considered un-American propaganda, and people Sig: Responsible for many interrogations of people who supposedly acted communist

In 1947, William Levitt used mass production techniques to build inexpensive homes in surburban New York to help relieve the postwar housing shortage. Sig: Levittown became a symbol of the movement to the suburbs in the years after WWII.

Passed in 1947 in response to perceived threats from the Soviet Union after WWII. It established the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and National Security Council. Sig: Under Truman, the CIA started because of this, initially serving as international coupe

The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe. Sig: Their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War.

a competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union Sig: This investment led to great scientific advances, but also caused friction and insecurities

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology Sig: America's plan during the beginning of the Cold War

International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. Sig: It replaced the League of Nations, which was ineffective because of its lack of military enforcement.

US ship captured in Cambodia that Ford sent US troops in to take back, unaware that the Cambodians had already agreed to give it back. Sig: 41 troops lost their lives for nothing

Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. Sig: Example of communism totalitarianism

An increase in population by almost 30 million people directly after WWII. Sig: This spurred a growth in suburbs and three to four children families.

In 1948, (West) Berlin was blocked off by the Soviet Union in order to strangle the Allied forces. In order to combat this, the United States began to airlift supplies into the Western-controlled portions of Berlin. Sig: Occurred before the wall was built, airlifts occurred every 4 minutes.

The second largest communist country other than the Soviet Union, China was taken over by communist leader Mau Zedong. Sig: Created tensions with U.S. and its influences in Asia and Southeast Asia

(Day-Tahnt) the easing of tensions or strained relations (especially between nations) Sig: Occurred between U.S.S.R. and the U.S during the early 70's under Nixon.

An economic extension of the New Deal proposed by Harry Truman that called for higher minimum wage, housing and full employment. Sig: It led only to the Housing Act of 1949 and the Social Security Act of 1950 due to opposition in congress.

Hungry announces to leave Warsaw Pact, Khrushchev sends in the Red Army to keep them in Hungry. The U.S. assistance from Egypt to block the Soviets, but they leave the British Empire Sig:

Introduced by Secretary of State George G. Marshall in 1947, he proposed massive and systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII Sig: and help prevent the spread of Communism.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made among countries to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries Sig: Tightened security among these countries

two periods of time, in the 1920s and 1950s, in which Americans feared the growth of communism. These suspicions led to tests of the civil liberties of people under the Constitution. Sig: Led to boards such as the Loyalty Council

First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. Sig: It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.

The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the U.S.S.R. produced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of being spied on aerially. Sig: The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States.

A worldwide movement, originating in the 19th century that sought to establish and develop a Jewish nation in Palestine. Sig: Since 1948, its function has been to support the state of Israel.

In November 1979, revolutionaries stormed the American embassy in Tehran and held 52 Americans hostage. The Carter administration tried unsuccessfully to negotiate for the hostages release. Sig: On January 20, 1981, the day Carter left office, Iran released the Americans, ending their 444 days in captivity.

Commonwealth of Independent States: an alliance which replaced the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) states at the end of the Cold War. Sig: Formed by Boris Yeltsin to replace the U.S.S.R.

In 1946, Bernard Baruch presented an American plan to control and eventually outlaw nuclear weapons (Before the Cold War). The plan called for United Nations control of nuclear weapons in three stages before the United States gave up its stockpile. Sig: Because the Soviets insisted on nuclear disarmament without inspection, the Baruch Plan turned futile, leading to the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union.

A fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, Germany, built in 1961 to prevent East German citizens from traveling to the West. Its demolition in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War. Sig: This wall was both a deterrent to individuals trying to escape and a symbol of repression to the free world.

a U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances. Sig: This was the general American plan during the Cold War.

the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control Sig: Accelerated the idea that covert action was needd.

It was in 1956 and it expanded the nation's highway system under Eisenhower. Sig: making it easier for suburban residents to commute to jobs in the cities.

1950-1953; A war between North Korea (supported by the Soviet Union and Communist China) and South Korea (U.S. and U.N.). Sig: The war ended in a simple cease-fire and original borders. No treaty was made.

Passed in response to Sputnik, it provided an oppurtunity and stimulus for college education for many Americans. Sig: It allocated funds for upgrading funds in the sciences, foreign language, guidance services, and teaching innovation.

A National Security Council document, approved by President Truman in 1950, developed in response to the Soviet Union's growing influence and nuclear capability. Sig: it called for an increase in the US conventional and nuclear forces to carry out the policy of containment

The first treaty signed in 1972 between the U.S. and the USSR after the Cold War. This agreement limited the number of missiles in each nation. Sig: led to the SALT II discussions and a slowdown of the arms race between the two countries.

residential areas that sprang up close to or surrounding cities as a result of improvements in transportation. Sig: Resulted because of the Highway Act, making transportation easier.

treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania Sig: In response to NATO

1956; Egypt ruler Gamal Abdel Nasser wanted USSR support, Britain and US cut off supplies to Egypt, Nassar seized Britain's canal, Sig: Britain and France fought Egypt for canal, Eisenhower asked them to withdraw because of danger.

1986:President Reagan authorized the off-the-books sale of stolen weapons from the Pentagon to Iran in order to fund the Nicaraguan Contras; Congress had forbidden him to use government funds to support the Contras; helped keep Iraq from winning the Iraq-Iran War (they did not want a Middle Eastern superpower); proclaimed very illegal for Iran was considered a terrorist state. Sig: This Almost caused Reagan to be impeached.

The code name used by the United States and its coalition partners (U.N.) in waging war against Iraq in early 1991 to liberate Kuwait. Sig: Successfully liberated Kuwait