APUSH: Chapter 9 Study Questions

The catalyst for the market revolution was a series of innovations in.... a. Manufaturing b. Agriculture c. Banking and fiance d. Transportation and communication

What improvement most dramatically increased the speed and lowered the expense of commerce in the first half of the nineteenth century? a. The transcontinental railroad b. Canals and steamboats c. The factory system d. A system of federally financed roads

What was the significance of Robert Fulton? a. He was responsible for the construction of the Erie Canal. b. His work in designing steamboats made upstream commerce possible c. His innovations led to the revolution in turnpike construction in the early nineteenth century. d. He sponsored congressional legislation that authorized buildings the National Boat.

The Erie Canal gave which city primacy over competing ports in accessing trade with the Northwest? a. Philadelphia b. Boston c. New York d. Chicago

The Erie Canal.... a. Was far longer than any other canal in the United States at that time b. Attracted an influx of farmers migrating from Virginia and the Carolinas to the Northeast c. Was strongly opposed by residents of Buffalo and Rochester, who feared their cities would lose business. d. Proved economically unviable and was abandoned within a decade of its opening

What was America's first commercial railroad? a. Pennsylvania Railroad b. Union Pacific Railroad c. Reading Rainbow d. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

The American railroad industry in the first half of the nineteenth century... a. Was exclusively in the North b. Stimulated the coal mining industry c. Was smaller in terms of total miles of track than the European rail system d. Encouraged entrepreneurs to begin building extensive canal systems for the first time

Most of the states that entered the Union in the six years immediately following the War of 1812 were located... a. West of the Mississippi River b. In the Old Northwest c. In the Louisiana Purchase territory d. West of the Appalachian Mountains

Squatters... a. Set up farms on unoccupied land b. We're a corporate charters issued by states as contracts c. Strung telegraph lines between poles d. Set the dynamite as part of the railroad construction crews

The first industry to be shaped by the large factory system was... a. Textiles b. Guns c. Ironworks d. Shoemaking

What problem with cotton did Eli Whitney solve by inventing the cotton gin? a. Whitney figured out how to remove the cotton-destroying boll weevil and thereby save the cotton crop b. Removing the seeds from the cotton was a slow and painstaking task, but Whitney made it much easier and less labor-intensive c. Processing cotton required too many different pieces of equipment, but Whitney figured out how to change the equipment more easily and quickly, saving time and money d. Planting the cotton took too many hours to make its growth very profitable, but Whitney enabled planters to use a machine to speed planting

What was the most important export from the United States by the mid-nineteenth century? a. Tobacco b. Coal c. Cotton d. Wheat

What city was known as the "porkopolis" because of its slaughterhouse that butchered and processed hundreds of thousands of pigs each year? a. Cincinnati b. Indianapolis c. Chicago d. St. Louis

Samuel Slater... a. Established America's first factory b. Invented the cotton gin c. Established the Erie Canal d. Was a steamboat innovator

How did the market revolution affect the lives of artisans? a. Their lives changed little, because the economy allowed for plenty of room for specialized craftsmen. b. New competition created opportunities for specialized skills of artisans, so their numbers expanded. c. Gathered in factories, they faced constant supervision and the breakdown of craftsmanship into specialized tasks. d. They began working in factories, which they preferred to enduring years of apprenticeship under the old system

Which of the following was responsible for the first large-scale American factory, which was built in Massachusetts? a. Henry Clay, whose sponsorship of a protective tariff made the factory economically viable b. The cutoff of British imports because of the Embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812 c. Cyrus McCormick, who built it to produce his reaper d. The American victory in the War of 1812, which made the United States economically dominant in the Atlantic world

What encouraged the building of factories in coastal towns such as New Bedford and even large inland cities such as Chicago by the 1840s? a. Under Henry Clay's American System, federal and state governments subsidized factories in those locations b. Steam power meant factories no longer had to be near waterfalls and rapids to generate power c. Factory owners were attracted by the highly skilled labor pool of German immigrants who settled in those areas. d. The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Gibbons v. Ogden removed obstacles to the placement of factories in populated areas.

How did the market revolution change the way Americans conceived of time? a. Clocks increasingly regulated the separation of work and leisure time b. Artisans began spending their lunch hours in political discussions, rather than just taking breaks as they worked throughout the day c. It lengthened life expectancy because Americans no longer had to work from sunrise to sunset as they had on farms d. It enhanced the individual American's sense of independence to be able to walk away from work at a certain time.

Women who worked at the Lowell mills... a. Never had time to make friends b. Commuted daily to work from their family farms c. Quickly organized a union to strike for higher wages d. Lived in closely supervised boardinghouses

At the Lowell textile mills... a. Southern-born women dominated the workforce, because of their superior knowledge of cotton b. Most women worked once their children were old enough to take care of themselves c. The owners established lecture halls, church, and a worker-edited periodical to occupy the workers' free time d. Immigrant women dominated the workforce in the 1820s

The majority of the nearly 4 million immigrants that entered the United States between 1840 and 1860 were from... a. England and Germany b. Germany and Ireland c. China and Ireland d. Germany and China

The "German triangle" in the mid-nineteenth century referred to... a. A Baltimore neighborhood with a large-German immigrant population b. Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Milwaukee - cities with large German populations c. The special kind of ballot Democrats gave German-speaking voters d. The superior plow the German immigrant Thomas Mannheim introduced to the United States

Which of the following helped increase the visibility and power of the Catholic Church in America in the mid-nineteenth century? a. The fact that President Jackson was Catholic b. The number of Italian Catholic immigrants grew dramatically c. The number of Irish Catholic immigrants grew dramatically d. Archbishop John Hughes's wave of revivals, which converted thousands to Catholicism

In Gibbons v. Ogden, in the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that... a. Congress had the authority to create the Bank of the United States b. New York could not grant a monopoly on steamboat navigation between New York and New Jersey c. Corporations were illegal because their potential to become monopolistic posed a threat to individual free enterprise d. Railroad workers had no right to strike since it interfered with national commerce

In an 1837 case involving the Charles River in Massachusetts, Chief Justice Roger Taney... a. Declared the community had a legitimate interest in promoting transportation and prosperity b. Held that adding a second bridge over the river violated the charter rights of the company that built the first bridge c. Granted Robert Fulton's steamboat company a monopoly in the ferry business on the river d. Issued an opinion in which the U.S. Supreme Court, for the first time, overturned a state law

In response to the market revolution... a. The legal system worked with local governments to find better ways to regulate entrepreneurs b. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that legislatures could not alter or rescind charters and contracts that previous legislatures had created c. Local judges protected businessman from paying property damages associated with factory construction and from workers seeking to unionize d. Corporations proved less able to raise capital than chartered companies did

According to John O'Sullivan, the "manifest destiny" to the United States to occupy North America could be traced to... a. The Treaty of Paris of 1783 b. A divine mission c. The Adams-Onis Treaty d. Federal treaties with Indian nations

The transcendentalist movement... a. Emphasized individual judgement, not tradition b. Is also known as the Second Great Awakening c. Was largely based in the south d. Celebrated the economic developments of the market revolution

Who believed that freedom was an open-ended process of self-realization by which individuals could remake themselves and their own lives? a. Eli Whitney b. Ralph Waldo Emerson c. John O' Sullivan d. Andrew Jackson

During the first half of the nineteenth century, individualism... a. Came under attack from Henry David Thoreau b. Hampered efforts to spread democracy because it reduced interest in suffrage c. Was rooted in the idea of self-sufficiency d. Was a subject on which all transcendentalists agreed

Henry David Thoreau believed that... a. Economic independence was essential for freedom b. Genuine freedom lay within the individual c. The market revolution brought freedom to many d. True freedom was not obtainable

Which denomination enjoyed the largest membership in the United States by the 1840s? a. Methodist b. Roman Catholic c. Quaker d. Presbyterian

During the first half of the nineteenth century, free black Americans... a. Could not, under federal law, obtain public land b. Rose in economic status, but more slowly than whites c. Joined with white artisans in biracial unions that successfully struck for higher wages d. Formed communities that included numerous black professionals such as doctors and lawyers

The cult of domesticity... a. Received very little support, who is why people referred to it as a cult, or a small (?) group b. Represented a significant break with the idea of republican motherhood c. Led to a decline of birthrates d. Meant that women would concede their household duties to domestic servants

What came to be redefined as a personal moral quality associated more and more closely with women? a. Liberty b. Virtue c. Family d. Temperance

What was the primary role of a white middle-class woman in antebellum America? a. To pursue a college education b. To have as large a family as possible c. To focus her energies on the home and children d. To produce the daily foodstuffs and necessities that her household required

What did Noah Webster's American Dictionary define as "a state of exemption from the power or control of another"? a. Masculinity b. Individualism c. Freedom d. Weakness