APUSH Chapter 17 Vocab

23 August 2022
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The Liberator
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In production from 1831-1865, it was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison. The paper gained nationwide notoriety for its uncompromising advocacy for emancipation. The paper was resisted by many legislatures and local groups; such as in S. Carolina. The newspaper ended with the ratification of the 13th amendment, which banned all slavery in the US.
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American Anti-Slavery Society
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Lasting from 1833 to 1870, it was an abolitionist society founded by William Llyod Garrison and Arthur Tappan. Frederick Douglass was also a key leader of the society. Membership swelled to over 250,000 members. It also published a weekly newspaper named the National Anti-Slavery Standard.
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William Lloyd Garrison
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(1805-1879) Garrison was a famous American abolitionist, social reformer, and journalist. He is best known for his famous paper The Liberator and for his founding of the American Anti-Slavery Society. Garrison was also a voice for the women's suffrage movement.
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Nat Turner
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(1800-1831) Nathaniel Turner was an American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831. The rebellion resulted in over 160 deaths and was the bloodiest rebellion prior to the American Civil War. Turner and 56 Blacks were executed. 200 more Blacks were soon killed by mobs and White militias. The rebellion caused many legislatures in the South and around Virginia to pass laws that prohibited the education of free and slave Blacks, restricting their rights of assembly and other civil rights, and required White ministers to be in Black worship services.
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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(1811-1896) An American abolitionist and author, Stowe was famous for her book Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852). The book was a depiction of African-Americans under slavery. The book reached millions in both book sales and as a play. The book was very influential in the US and UK. The book influenced the North by making it more anti-slavery, but in the South it aroused much anger.
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King Cotton
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In use from 18660-1861, King Cotton was a term used by Southerners to support secession from the Union by the South. The phrase argued that the Confederacy could be economically quite prosperous with its vast cotton exports. The cotton could also sway Britain and France to join the South's side in war as Southern cotton fueled European industry. The slogan was succesful in gaining support; by 1861 7 states that produced large amounts of cotton seceeded. When the Northern blockade came, Europe had stockpiles of cotton and thus did not intervene to help the South. King Cotton was ulltimately a failure.
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Denmark Vesey
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(1767?-1822) Originally Telemaque, Vesey was a slave brought to America from the Caribbean. Once he eventually purchased his freedom, he plotted a large slave rebellion which would be one of the largest in US history. The plot was foiled once Charleston, SC authorities found out about the plan. Vesey and others were tried and executed. Denmark Vesey became a martyr for the abolition cause and Frederick Douglass used his name as a battle cry to rally African-American Union Regiments in the Civil War.
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Mulatto
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A mulatto denotes a person with one white parent and one black parent. Mulattoes were found primarily in the South, where White and African-American populations were in closer proximity and thus the odds of having a mixed-race child increased. During the slave trade, a slave master could have children with a slave and consider the child a slave or pass for white.
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Liberty Party
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The Liberty Party (1840) was a minor political party in the US. The party advocated for the abolitionist cause, and broke away from the American Anti-Slavery Society. The party advocated that the Cosntitution was an anti-slavery document. William Lloyd Garrison, the leader of the American Anti-Slavery Society, saw the Constitution as an evil pro-slavery document. The party trid to use electoral politics to further their cause. The party received little support.
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Gag resolution
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A strict rule passed by pro-southern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives. All petitions were effectively "tabled"; or prevented petitions from being read or discussed. Such a rule threatened freedom of speech and petition. The gag rule passed with 117 to 68 in congress. The main argument was that congress had no right to infere with slavery.