Which of the following was the critical catalyst for antebellum reform movements?
answer
The Second Great Awakening
question
What did Alexis de Tocqueville mean when he used the term individualism to describe American society in 1835?
answer
Americans lived in social isolation, without any ties to caste, class, association, or family.
question
The philosophy that people could gain mystical knowledge and harmony beyond the world of the senses is known as which of the following?
answer
Transcendentalism
question
Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote about which of the following in his essays and lectures?
answer
He argued that people should reject old conventions and discover their original relation with nature.
question
What did Ralph Waldo Emerson believe would promote an individual's mystical union with God and achievement of self-realization?
answer
Spending time alone in nature
question
The American Lyceum movement of the 1830s engaged in which of the following efforts?
answer
Promoting the spread of knowledge through public lectures
question
Which of the following statements about Emerson is correct?
answer
He was a Unitarian minister who eventually rejected organized religion.
question
Which of the following describes the purpose of Henry David Thoreau's book Walden?
answer
It was written to document Walden's spiritual search for meaning beyond the artificiality of "civilized" life.
question
Which of the following qualities did Henry David Thoreau urge in his readers, as demonstrated by the statement, "If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer"?
answer
Individuality
question
Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, and Ralph Waldo Emerson were well known for their involvement in which of the following movements?
answer
Transcendentalism
question
Who was a critic for the New York Tribune, an editor of The Dial, and the author of Woman in the Nineteenth Century?
answer
Margaret Fuller
question
Which of the following is properly paired?
answer
Walt Whitman—Leaves of Grass
question
Which of the following did Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville have in common?
answer
They criticized transcendentalism and warned against excessive individualism.
question
Which of the following describes the residents of the Brook Farm community of the 1840s?
answer
They wanted to combine farming with study and a lively intellectual life.
question
In the late 1840s and the 1850s, Emersonians did which of the following?
answer
Abandoned their quest to create new social institutions
question
The Shakers' name came from which of the following?
answer
Their particular form of worship
question
Which of the following describes the nineteenth-century Shakers?
answer
They allowed both women and men to govern their communities.
question
Which of the following describes the Fourierist movement in America?
answer
It demonstrated the difficulty of creating enduring utopian communities.
question
Which of the following was an evangelical movement that believed the Second Coming of Christ had already occurred and people could attain complete freedom from sin?
answer
Perfectionism
question
The Oneida Community, founded in 1839 by John Humphrey Noyes, was known for which of the following practices?
answer
Complex marriage
question
Why are the Oneidians, Shakers, and Fourierists historically significant?
answer
They articulated criticisms of the class divisions created by the market economy.
question
Which of the following describes The Book of Mormon, published in 1830?
answer
It claimed that Jesus Christ visited an ancient American civilization soon after his resurrection.
question
Which of the following contributed to the harassment and persecution of Mormons at Nauvoo in the early 1840s?
answer
Mormons' power as a voting bloc in local elections
question
For which of the following reasons did the Salt Lake Mormons succeed and thrive in the nineteenth century even as other social experiments failed?
answer
Mormon society had strong, hierarchical leadership.
question
Which of the following factors was critical in the ballooning populations of cities like New York in the mid-nineteenth century?
answer
Immigration
question
Which of these factors contributed to the tremendous increase in commercialized sex in the new cities of the mid-nineteenth century?
answer
The subsistence wages and exploitative conditions of women's jobs
question
Which of the following describes the minstrel shows that became popular in American cities in the 1840s?
answer
They were a popular form of entertainment and social criticism.
question
Which of the following factors contributed to the rise of anti-immigrant sentiment in American cities in the mid-nineteenth century?
answer
Minstrel shows
question
In the early 1800s, free blacks in the North were encouraged to "elevate" themselves through which of the following activities?
answer
Temperance
question
In his 1829 pamphlet, An Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens of the World, David Walker did which of the following?
answer
He justified slave rebellion and warned white Americans that violence and retribution would come if justice were delayed.
question
Which of the following was a result of the Turner Rebellion of the 1830s?
answer
Tougher slave codes and restrictions were implemented.
question
As a result of Turner's Rebellion, the Virginia legislature did which of the following in the 1830s?
answer
It debated but rejected a bill providing for gradual emancipation and colonization.
question
Which of the following statements is true about William Lloyd Garrison?
answer
He attacked the U.S. Constitution because it condoned slavery.
question
How did women participate in the abolition movement in the mid-eighteenth century?
answer
Women abolitionists established influential groups such as the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society.