APUSH Ch. 37

1 September 2022
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Harry S. Truman
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succeeded FDR upon his death. Led the country through the last few months of World War II, and made the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery.
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G. I Bill of rights
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The G. I. Bill of Rights or Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 provided for college or vocational education for returning World War II veterans, as well as one-year of unemployment compensation. It also provided loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses.
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George F. Kennan
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an American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War.
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Cold War (1945-1991)
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The period after the Second World War marked by rivalry and tension between the two nuclear superpowers, the United States and the communist government of the Soviet Union. The Cold War ended when the Soviet government collapsed in 1991.
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United Nations
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An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.
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Nuremberg War Crimes Trial (1945-1946)
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Highly publicized proceedings against former Nazi leaders for war crimes and crimes against humanity as part of the Allies denazification program in postwar Germany. The trials led to several executions and long prison sentences.
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iron curtain
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"iron curtain" had descended across Eastern Europe, referring to the rise of communism there as satellite nations under the USSR
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Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)
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Joint effort by the US and Britain to fly food and supplies into West Berlin after the Soviets blocked off all ground routes into the city.
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Containment Doctrine
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A foreign policy strategy advocated by George Kennan that called for the United States to isolate the Soviet Union, "contain" its advances, and resist its encroachments by peaceful means if possible, but by force if necessary.
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Truman Doctrine
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President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey.
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Marshall Plan
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A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $12.5 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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In 1949, the United States, Canada, and ten European nations formed this military mutual-defense pact. They pledged to regard an attack on one as an attack on all and promised to respond with "armed force" if necessary
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bikini island
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this section of land formations in the Pacific were testing grounds for US atomic bomb technology
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white flight
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the sociological and demographic trend where whites leave urban communities for the suburbs. the minority population in turn moves to the inner city
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Levittown
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In 1947, William Levitt used mass production techniques to build inexpensive homes in suburban New York to help relieve the postwar housing shortage. This became a symbol of the movement to the suburbs in the years after WWII.
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Baby Boom
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A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility.
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Sunbelt
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A region of the United States form Virginia through Florida and texas to Arizona and California. It's region increased its population at a rate nearly double that of the old industrial zones of the northeast
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Joseph McCarthy
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1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential; "McCarthyism" was the fearful accusation of any dissenters of being communists
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House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
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A committee of the U.S. House of Representatives, investigated allegations of communist activity in the U.S. during the early years of the Cold War
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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg (1951)
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Arrested in the Summer of 1950 and executed in 1953, they were convicted of conspiring to commit espionage by passing plans for the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union.
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Alger Hiss
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accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 by Whittaker Chambers and prosecuted by Richard Nixon; convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950
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Storm Thurmond
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ran for the presidency of the United States in 1948 under the Dixiecrat party. Didn't win, but did very well for a 3rd party
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Dixiecrats
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Southern Democrats who broke from the party in 1948 over the issue of civil rights and ran a presidential ticket as the States' Rights Democrats with J. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina as a candidate.
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Jackie Robinson
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The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans
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Fair Deal
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An economic extension of the New Deal proposed by Harry Truman that called for higher minimum wage, improved housing(βœ”), new TVAs, better farm price supports, full employment,and extension do social security(βœ”)
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desegregation of armed forces in 1947
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banned racial discrimination in federal practices; To Secure These Rights called for desegregation, anti-lynching, end of poll taxes
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china 1949
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On October 1, 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The "fall" of mainland China to communism in 1949 led the United States to suspend diplomatic ties with the PRC for decades.
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Korean War (1950-1953)
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South Korea, supported by the UN (esp. the US), fought North Korea, supported by China and the Soviet Union. After WWII, the division between North and South was placed at the 38th parallel. The war started when the communist North invaded the South. It ended in a stalemate, with the creation of the Demilitarized Zone, a 2.5 mile buffer, along the same 38th parallel.
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brinkmanship
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the act of pushing a situation to the verge of war in order to threaten and encourage one's opponent to back down
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38th parallel
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Dividing line between North and South Korea first established to separate Soviet and US occupation zones after Japan's defeat in 1945; the Korean War began in 1950 after North Korean communists crossed the parallel into South Korea.