APUSH Ch 37

-Republican senator who accused hundreds of Democrats as being Communists -His philosophy flourished in the seething Cold War atmosphere of suspicion and fear -Red-hunter who was the most ruthless and did the most damage to American traditions of fair play and free speech -Removed from the Senate when he attacked the the US Army

-Fourteen year old black who was lynched in 1955 for allegedly leering at a white woman

-Supreme Court case in 1950 -Ruled that separate professional schools for blacks failed to meet the test of equality

-Black seamstress, secretary of Thurgood Marshall -Sat on a bus in the "whites only" section and refused to move -Sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott

-Yearlong African American boycott of city buses -Served notice throughout the South that blacks would no longer submit meekly to the absurdities and indignities of segregation -Catapulted Martlin Luther King Jr to prominence -Hurt the bus system economically because 90% of the people who rode the bus were black

-Reverend at Montgomery's Dexter Avenue Baptist Church -Great oratorical skill, passionate devotion to biblical and constitutional conceptions of justice, and devotion to nonviolent principles of Gandhi thrust him to the forefront of the Civil Rights movement -Formed the SCLC

-Chief Justice who shocked traditionalists with his active judicial intervention -Led the Supreme Court to address urgent issues that Congress and the president preferred to avoid -Ruled on the Brown v. Board of Education case

-Supreme Court case in 1954 -Segregation in public schools was "inherently unequal" -All public schools were to be desegregated with all deliberate speed

-Governor of Arkansas who mobilized the National Guard to prevent the "Little Rock Nine" from enrolling in Central High School

-Set up a permanent Civil Rights Commission to investigate violations of civil rights and authorized federal injunctions to protect voting rights

-Organization formed by MLK in 1957 -Aimed to mobilize the vast power of the black churches on behalf of black rights -Trained and tested African Americans for ability to remain calm so they could participate nonviolently in marches and "sit ins"

-Organization formed by southern black students in 1960 -Aimed to give more focus and force to efforts to compel equal treatment in restaurants, transportation, employment, housing and voter registration

-$27 billion plan to build 42,000 miles of sleek, fast motorways GOOD FOR: -Easier army mobilization -Countless construction jobs -Faster suburbanization of America -Trucking, automobile, oil, and travel industries BAD FOR: -Railroads -Air quality and energy consumption -Inner cities

-Secretary of State who promised not merely to stem the red tide but to roll back its gains and liberate captive peoples -Policy of boldness in 1954: -Eisenhower would relegate the army and navy to the backseat and build up an airfleet of superbombers (SAC) equipped with nuclear bombs

-Apparatchik who rudely rejected Ike's call in 1955 for "open skies" mutual inspection program over both the USSR and US -Denounced the bloody excesses of Joseph Stalin

-Vietnamese leader tried to appeal personally to Wilson in 1919 for self-determination for the peoples of South Asia -Became communist, revolted against the French -Won the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and created a communist regime

-Alliance between Eastern Europeans and the Soviets in 1955 -Red military counterweight to the acceptance of Germany into NATO

-Soviet "Baby moon" sent into orbit around the earth in 1957 -Another larger one sent carrying a dog -Rattled American self-confidence because the same technology used to launch a satellite was the same as that used to launch nuclear missiles -Led to a critical comparison of the American educational system with that of the USSR -Led to the National Defense and Education Act, which authorized $887 million in loans to needy college students and in grants for the improvement of teaching the sciences and languages

-Nixon's debate with Khrushchev in Moscow in 1959 -Nixon extolled the virtues of American consumerism over Soviet economic planning

-Classic of feminist protest literature that launched the modern women's movement -Written in 1963 by Betty Friedan, who indicted the stifling boredom of housewifery