APUSH - Ch. 22 (Progressive Era)

A political attitude favoring or advocating changes or reform. Progressivism is often viewed in opposition to conservative or reactionary ideologies.

One who seeks to expose corruption of businesses or government to the public. The term originates with writers of the Progressive movement within the United States who wanted to expose corruption and scandals in government and business.

The Ashcan School, also called the Ash Can School, is defined as a realist artistic movement that came into prominence in the United States during the early twentieth century, best known for works portraying scenes of daily life in New York's poorer neighborhoods.

The operations officer for the city whose main duties include: to advise, inform, and recommend actions to the mayor and city council.

In this kind of government, voters elect a small commission, typically, from five to seven members, on a plurality-at-large basis. These commissioners constitute the legislative body of the city and, as a group, are responsible for taxation, appropriations, ordinances, and other general functions.

Any government activity designed to break up trusts or monopolies. Theodore Roosevelt is the U.S. president most associated with dissolving trusts. However, William Howard Taft signed twice as much trust-busting legislation during his presidency.

a term coined by WEB Du Bois to describe the small percentage of educated and upper middle class Negroes who were high achievers in the face of racial prejudice.

An American illustrated monthly periodical popular at the turn of the 20th century. It was in this magazine that progressive muckraker journalists like Lincoln Steffens and Ida Tarbell got their start.

The political philosophy developed in the American state of Wisconsin to maximize the use of experts' knowledge created at the state university to reform and modernize the institutions and politics of the state.

A landmark decision in United States Supreme Court history, as it justifies both sex discrimination and usage of labor laws during the time period. The case upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health.

This fire in New York City on March 25, 1911, was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city of New York and resulted in the fourth highest loss of life from an industrial accident in U.S. history. The fire caused the deaths of 146 garment workers, who either died from the fire or jumped to their deaths.

Book published by muckraker journalist Upton Sinclair in 1906 exposing the horrors of the early 20th century meatpacking industry. Instrumental in pushing for food and drug processing reform.

Tariff of 1909, named for Representative Sereno E. Payne (R-NY) and Senator Nelson W. Aldrich (R-RI), began in the United States House of Representatives as a bill lowering certain tariffs on goods entering the United States.

In 1912, running on the Progressive party ticket, Theodore Roosevelt campaigned on a comprehensive progressive platform for economic and social legislation. It called for expanding federal power to regulate big business and provide social-justice legislation.

In the 1912 presidential campaign, Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson argued for this. He thought the government could best serve the public interest and provide social justice by breaking up the trusts and restoring competition to the economy.

The act of Congress that created the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States of America, which was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson.

The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 was enacted in the United States to add further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime by seeking to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency.

An American journalist, lecturer, and political philosopher, and one of the most famous practitioners of the journalistic style called muckraking.

United States labor leader and militant socialist who was one of the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World (1869-1928).

An American Republican (and later a Progressive) politician. He is best remembered as a proponent of progressivism and a vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, World War I, and the League of Nations.

A prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States.

the first Chief of the United States Forest Service (1905-1910) and the 28th Governor of Pennsylvania (1923-1927, 1931-1935). He was a Republican and Progressive.

An intellectual leader in the United States as sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, and editor. He graduated from Harvard, where he earned his Ph.D in History, the first African-American to earn a doctorate at Harvard.

United States writer remembered for his poetry in free verse and his six volume biography of Abraham Lincoln (1878-1967).

A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.