APUSH Ch 19

authored The Impending Crisis of the South, a nonaristocratic white from North Carolina, hating both slavery and blacks. Using statistics he attempted to prove that those who suffered the most from slavery were the nonslaveholding whites

the most famous of the northern abolitionist (free-soiler) groups, which sent about two thousand people to the troubled areas of Kansas to forestall the South and for profit.

obsessively dedicated to the abolitionist cause. He was involved in many dubious dealings, such as horse stealing. After moving from Kansas to Ohio, "Old Brown" gathered a group of followers to Pottawatomie Creek in 1866

small group hacked five men to death, who they assumed were proslaveryites. This incident besmirched the free-soil cause and brought vicious retaliation from proslavery forces.

people were not allowed to vote for or against the constitution as a whole but for either a constitution "with slavery" of one "with no slavery."

Vetoed a homestead act that made public lands available at a nominal sum of a quarter an acre after the act was passed by Congress

leading abolitionist, his cold demeanor made him one of the most disliked men in the Senate. He delivered a speech titled "The Crime Against Kansas" in which he condemned the proslavery men and referred insultingly to South Carolina and its Senator Andrew Butler, one of the best-liked members of the Senate. Was attacked by Congressmen Preston S. Brooks of South Carolina with a cane

South Carolinian Congressman who, resenting Sumner's insults to his state and his senator, took matters into his own hands. Though his code of honor called for a duel with Sumner, Brooks believed that he could only duel with his social equals, so he beat Sumner nearly to death with a cane instead

Democrats nominated James Buchanan and Republicans nominated John C. Frémont, the so-called Pathfinder of the west. Buchanan had been away during the Kansas-Nebraska controversy and was therefore "Kansas-less" and thus relatively enemyless. Democrats pushed for popular sovereignty while Republicans came out against the extension of slavery into the territories. Antiforeignists supported the American Party whose nominee was Millard Fillmore. Buchanan eventually won the election

nominating Millard Fillmore in the election of 1856, it was antiforeign and anti-Catholic. They adopted the slogan "Americans must rule America."

black slave who, backed by interested abolitionists, sued for freedom on the basis of his long residence on free soil. The Supreme Court ruled that since Scott was a slave and not a citizen he had no right to sue in federal courts. Under the leadership of Chief Justice Taney of Maryland, the case went further. A majority of the court decided that because a slave was property, bringing a slave into any territory would not change the slave's status. It also decided that the Compromise of 1820 had been unconstitutional and that Congress had no power to ban slavery from the territories, regardless of what the territorial legislatures might want.

After making his mark in Illinois legislature as a Whig politician he served a term in Congress. After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and Lincoln mounted the Republic bandwagon, he emerged as one of the foremost politicians and orators of the Northwest. He defeated Douglas in a series of debates, emerging as a potential Republican nominee for president

As a Republican nominee for the Senate seat, Lincoln boldly challenged Douglas to a series of joint debates. Seven meetings were arranged. The most famous debate came at Freeport, Illinois where Lincoln asked what would happen if the people of a territory were to vote slavery down. Douglas answered with the "Freeport Doctrine." Lincoln won a clear moral victory though Douglas won the seat..

no matter how the Supreme Court ruled, slavery would stay down if the people voted it down. Laws to protect slavery would have to be passed by the territorial legislatures. Black bondage would soon disappear in the absence of popular approval.

John Brown had a scheme to invade the South secretly and establish some kind of black free state as a sanctuary. He secured several thousands dollars for firearms from northern abolitionists. He seized the federal arsenal, incidentally killing seven people. The slaves failed to rise and Brown's band were quickly captured. Brown was convicted of murder and treason and sentenced to death.

most fateful election in American history. Democrats, split over the Lecompton Constitution and the Freeport Doctrine, eventually nominated John. C. Breckinridge whose platform favored the extension of slavery into the territories and the annexation of slave-populated Cuba. The newly formed Constitutional Union or "Do-Nothing" party nominated John Bell of Tennessee. Republicans nominated Lincoln, whose platform had a seductive appeal for just about every important nonsouthern group. Though he was a minority president, Lincoln won the election.

Four days after Lincoln was voted in, South Carolina called a special convention in December of 1860. South Carolina unanimously voted to secede. Soon six other states followed suit.

South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas, and later four other seceding states formed this government under their president , Jefferson Davis

A dignified and austere recent member of the U.S. Senate from Mississippi. He had a vast military and administrative experience which he used to govern the new Confederate States of America

documents were designed to appease the South. Slavery in the territories was to be prohibited north of 36°30,' but south of the line it was to be given federal protection in all territories. New territories would come into the union with or without slavery depending on popular sovereignty. Lincoln rejected the Compromise.