intensive historical investigation of a well-defined smaller unit of research (most often a single event, the community of a village, or an individual)
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What do historians do when using the historical thinking skill of chronological thinking?
answer
Determine which events could have influenced others later in history
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What do historians do when using the historical thinking skill of analyzing historical sources?
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What do historians do when using the historical thinking skill of analyzing historical sources?
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Artifacts
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objects created by and used by humans
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What do historians do when using the historical thinking skill of evaluating interpretations?
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Analyze the work of other historians to draw conclusions
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archaeologist
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an expert who studies the past by examining objects that people have left behind
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If a historian wanted to determine whether iron tools could be found in the ruins of an ancient Greek city, which kind of expert should he consult?
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archaeologist
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geographer
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a person who studies the regions of the earth, including the climates and natural resources
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If a historian wanted to study data-based trends of a culture's relationship to Earth's physical features, which kind of expert should she consult?
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Geographer
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Anthropology
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science dealing with the origin, races, customs, and beliefs of humankind
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When historians ask questions about variations across different groups of people with common traditions, they gather information from _____.
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Cultural Anthropology
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Which approach would a military historian take to study the Cuban Missile Crisis?
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Describe the tactics the United States might have used to physically destroy the missiles in Cuba
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Cultural History
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the history of people's daily lives or customs in the past
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Which approach would a cultural historian take to the Cuban Missile Crisis?
answer
Interview U.S. and Soviet leaders about differences in customs that affected the negotiations
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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The Soviet Union and the United States nearly went to war with each other in 1962 when the United States discovered Soviet missiles on the island of Cuba. This event, called the Cuban Missile Crisis, was resolved peacefully after several days of negotiations between U.S. and Soviet leaders.
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A microhistorical approach to the Cuban Missile Crisis might study:
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a single day of the crisis that fits into a pattern of bigger problems between the Soviet Union and the United States.
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Economic History
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The study of the exchange of goods and services. Economic historians seek insight into economic trends that might inform future Economic and Business decisions.
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Though unemployment during the Great Depression was widespread, it was higher in some parts of the United States than in others. A geographer uses unemployment data points to make a map, while an economic historian arranges data about state-by-state unemployment levels in a table.
What information would the cultural historian receive that the economic historian would not?
answer
Stories about the experience of being unemployed
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Though unemployment during the Great Depression was widespread, it was higher in some parts of the United States than in others. A geographer uses unemployment data points to make a map, while an economic historian arranges data about state-by-state unemployment levels in a table.
What information might the geographer be able to convey more clearly than the economic historian?
answer
The relative sizes of the areas affected by each level of unemployment
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Though unemployment during the Great Depression was widespread, it was higher in some parts of the United States than in others. How might a microhistorian and a comparative historian use different methods to study this topic?
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A microhistorian might document one day in a town that experienced particularly high unemployment levels, while a comparative historian might graph several cities' unemployment levels throughout the Great Depression.
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Which method separates modern historians from ancient Greek historians?
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Basing historical accounts on reliable evidence
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What was the significance of the scientific revolution to the study of history?
answer
Historians were influenced by scientists to evaluate their sources more critically.
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Scientific Revolution
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A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.
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What is a key difference between the earliest works of history, such as Homer's The Odyssey, and modern works of history?
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The earliest works of history also incorporated mythology.
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Reading history critically means:
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verifying facts and thinking about the writer's motivations.
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Why is it important to read critically the works of early historians such as Herodotus or Thucydides?
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Early historians often used information from unverifiable sources.
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How does the modern study of history challenge earlier histories?
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By questioning whether their sources are reliable
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Why is it useful for historians to craft historical narratives?
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Narratives make historical information more engaging.
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historical narrative
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A work of nonfiction that tells the story of important historical events or developments
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